Seeing Things from Someone Else’s Perspective

In your everyday life, you are placed in situations that allow you to encounter the value of carefully considering someone else’s perspective. The reason why it is so eulogized to see someone else’s view is because it could alter how things would eventually turn out to be for you and that person(s). Peace, equality, and justice are some of the values you come across when you approach with empathy. Comprehending where someone is coming from and feelings they convey correlates with the outcome of peace.In 1993, the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine had temporarily halted with a solution called the Oslo peace process, which main point consisted that Israel gradually give up possession of Palestinian territories to the Palestinians with the exchange of peace. This represents the value of perspective, because the Palestinians had finally reached the conclusion that coming at the Israelis with violence and weaponry would not allow the Palestinians to ever gain wha t they really want, and it caused the Palestinians to comprehend what the Israelis were feeling; harassed.They had learned that if peace were used as a substitution to attack, then the people of Israel would be sure to ably, which they transitorily did. Another value would be justice. When an attorney is defending their client, they tend to use the skill of switching to the defendant’s perspective when trying to prove to the jury that they are not guilty. For example, if someone was falsely accused of murder, the attorney could use empowering words and point things out like â€Å"Just think if you were in his/her place† or â€Å"How do you think you would’ve felt if you were him/her? to give the jury that connection that â€Å"Would you want to be proven guilty if you were to fall under a situation similar to this one? † Using this technique shows how perspective comes in handy as well as how justice is served. Equality is a reiterating value that is dis covered when considering someone else’s perspective. In Remember the Titans, a film about how an African American named Herman Boone who is newly appointed head high school football coach in the position of a successful white coach, Bill Yoast, during the time of segregation, there is a scene where Coach Yoasts’ daughter, Sheryl s over at the Boones’ house when an anonymous student from the school drives by and yells â€Å"Hey, Coach Boone! † in a tormenting manner and throws something at their window near to where Sheryl had been sitting, shattering it to pieces. Later that night Yoast tells Coach Boone that he is not in any position to put his daughter’s safety on the line just because people don’t like him coaching the team, to which Boone replies â€Å"Well what about my girls’ safety?You just got a taste of what I deal with everyday, Yoast† leaving Coach Yoast thoughtful and silent. This also shows perspective because Coac h Yoast had understood that the worry and the vexation, that had aroused from the danger of his daughter is a mental weight and distress that Boone has to deal with for his family all the time, all because of the color of his skin. By stepping into Boone’s shoes, Yoast had now truly known the importance of equity and fairness to Boone, and the rest of the African American society.These are just a few ethics you can obtain from point-of-view. Agreement between even two nations can come about when using perspective. Authority can be placed with shifting someone’s point-of-view through sympathy. And adequation will make its way through when you are physically put forth into the same situation that someone who isn’t treated fairly is. All of these are real and pure values that form when your mindset is reversed, and truly leave you thinking.

Customer-Driven Strategic Marketing

Chapter 1 Customer-Driven Strategic Marketing Lecture Outline I. Defining Marketing We define marketing as the process of creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing goods, services, and ideas to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with customers and to develop and maintain favorable relationships with stakeholders in a dynamic environment. [ A ]. Marketing Focuses on Customers [ 1 ]. As the purchasers of the products that organizations develop, promote, distribute, and price, customers are the focal point of all marketing activities. [ 2 ].The essence of marketing is to develop satisfying exchanges from which both customers and marketers benefit. [ 3 ]. Organizations generally focus their marketing efforts on a specific group of customers, or target market. [ B ]. Marketing Deals with Products, Distribution, Promotion, and Price 1. Marketing is more than simply advertising or selling a product; it involves developing and managing a product, making the product available i n the right place and at a price acceptable to buyers, and communicating information to help customers determine if the product will satisfy their needs. 2.These activities—product, distribution, promotion, and pricing—are known as the marketing mix because marketers decide what type of each element to use and in what amounts. 3. The Product Variable [ a ])The product variable of the marketing mix deals with researching customers’ needs and wants and designing a product that satisfies them. [ b ])A product can be a good, a service, or an idea. ( [ 1 ])Good—a physical entity ( [ 2 ])Service—the application of human and mechanical efforts to people or objects to provide intangible benefits to customers ( [ 3 ])Idea—concept, philosophy, image, or issue c ])The product variable includes the creation or modification of brand names and packaging. It may also include decisions regarding warranty and repair services. [ d ])Product variable decisions and related activities are important because they directly impact the creation of products that meet customers’ needs and wants. 4. The Distribution Variable In dealing with the distribution variable, a marketing manager makes products available in the quantities desired to as many target market customers as possible, keeping total inventory, transportation, and storage costs as low as possible. . The Promotion Variable The promotion variable relates to activities used to inform individuals or groups about an organization and its products. a)Promotion can be aimed at increasing public awareness of an organization and new or existing products. b) Promotional activities can also educate customers about product features or urge people to take a particular stance on a political or social issue. 6. The Price Variable a)The price variable relates to decisions and actions associated with establishing pricing objectives and policies and determining product prices. )Price is a critic al component of the marketing mix because customers are concerned about the value obtained in an exchange. 7. Marketing mix variables are often viewed as controllable because they can be modified; however, economic conditions, competitive structure, or government regulations may limit a marketing manager’s influence. [ C ]. Marketing Builds Relationships with Customers and Other Stakeholders 1. Individuals and organizations engage in marketing to facilitate exchanges—that is, the provision or transfer of goods, services, or ideas in return for something of value. [ 4 ].Four conditions must exist for an exchange to occur: a)Two or more individuals, groups, or organizations must participate, and each must possess something of value desired by the other party. b)The exchange should provide a benefit or satisfaction to both parties involved in the transaction. c)Each party must have confidence in the promise of the â€Å"something of value† held by the other. d)To b uild trust, the parties to the exchange must meet expectations. [ 5 ]. An exchange will not necessarily take place just because these conditions exist; marketing activities can occur even without an actual transaction or sale.Figure 1. 2 depicts the exchange process. 6. Marketing activities should attempt to create and maintain satisfying exchange relationships. [ 7 ]. Marketers are also concerned with building relationships with relevant stakeholders who have a â€Å"stake,† or claim, in some aspect of a company’s products, operations, markets, industry, and outcomes; these may include customers, employees, investors and shareholders, suppliers, governments, communities, and many others. [ D ]. Marketing Occurs in a Dynamic Environment . The marketing environment, which includes competitive, economic, legal and regulatory, technological, and socio-cultural forces, surrounds the customer and affects the marketing mix as shown in Figure 1. 1. 2. The forces of the market ing environment affect a marketer’s ability to facilitate exchanges in three ways: a)They affect customers’ lifestyles, standards of living, and preferences and needs for products. b)They help determine whether and how a marketing manager can perform certain marketing activities. )They affect a marketing manager’s decisions and actions by influencing buyers’ reactions to the organization’s marketing mix. 3. Marketing environment forces can fluctuate quickly and dramatically. 4. Changes in the marketing environment produce uncertainty for marketers and at times hurt marketing efforts, but they also create opportunities. 5. Marketing mix elements—product, distribution, promotion, and price—are factors over which an organization has control; the forces of the environment, however, are subject to far less control. II.Understanding the Marketing Concept A. According to the marketing concept, an organization should try to provide products t hat satisfy customers’ needs through a coordinated set of activities that also allows the organization to achieve its goals. 1. Customer satisfaction is the major focus of the marketing concept. a)To implement the marketing concept, an organization focuses on customer analysis, competitor analysis, and integration of the organization’s resources to provide customer value and satisfaction, as well as long-term profits. )The organization must also continue to alter, adapt, and develop products to keep pace with customers’ changing desires and preferences. [ 8 ]. The marketing concept is not a second definition of marketing. It is a management philosophy guiding an organization’s overall activities. [ 9 ]. It is important for marketers to consider not only current buyers’ needs, but also the long-term needs of society. B. Evolution of the Marketing Concept 1. The Production Orientation )During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution was in full swing in the United States. b)As a result of new technology and new ways of using labor, products poured into the marketplace, where consumer demand for the new manufactured goods was strong. 2. The Sales Orientation a)Between the mid 1920s and the early 1950s, businesspeople viewed sales as the major means of increasing profits. b)During this era, businesspeople believed that the major marketing activities were personal selling, advertising, and distribution. 3.The Marketing Orientation a)By the early 1950s, some businesspeople recognized they must first determine what customers want and then produce it, rather than make products and try to persuade customers that they need what is produced. b)A marketing orientation requires the â€Å"organization-wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and future customer needs, dissemination of the intelligence across departments, and organization-wide responsiveness to it. † c)Today, businesses want to satisfy customers and build meaningful, long-term buyer-seller relationships.C. Implementing the Marketing Concept To implement the marketing concept, a marketing-oriented organization must accept some general conditions and recognize and deal with several problems. 1. Management must first establish an information system to discover customers’ real needs and then use the information to create satisfying products. 2. To satisfy customers’ objectives as well as its own, a company must also coordinate all its activities. III. Managing Customer Relationships A.Achieving the full profit potential of each customer relationship should be the fundamental goal of every marketing strategy. 1. At the most basic level, profits can be obtained through relationships in the following ways: a)By acquiring new customers b)By enhancing the profitability of existing customers c)By extending the duration of customer relationships 2. Implementing the marketing concept means optim izing the exchange relationship—the relationship between a company’s financial investment in customer relationships and the return generated by customers responding to that investment.B. The term relationship marketing refers to â€Å"long-term, mutually beneficial arrangements in which both the buyer and seller focus on value enhancement through the creation of more satisfying exchanges. † 1. Relationship marketing continually deepens the buyer’s trust in the company, and as the customer’s confidence grows, this in turn increases the organization’s understanding of the customer’s needs. [ 10 ]. Eventually this interaction becomes a solid relationship that allows for cooperation and mutual dependence. C.Customer-centric marketing requires developing collaborative relationships with customers based on focusing on their individual needs and concerns. 1. It adopts the view that customers buy offerings which provide value and prefer a rel ationship rather than a transactional orientation. 2. Collaborating with and learning from customers leads to a â€Å"sense and respond† approach rather than a produce and sell approach. D. Customer relationship management (CRM) uses information about customers to create marketing strategies which develop and sustain desirable customer relationships. 1.By increasing customer value over time, organizations try to retain and increase long-term profitability through customer loyalty. 2. Managing customer relationships requires identifying patterns of buying behavior and using that information to focus on the most promising and profitable customers. IV. Value-Driven Marketing A. To manage customer relationships, organizations must develop marketing mixes that create value for customers. Value is a customer’s subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs in determining the worth of a product (customer value = customer benefits – customer costs). . Customer bene fits include anything a buyer receives in an exchange. 2. Customer costs include anything a buyer must give up to obtain the benefits provided by the product. Costs include the monetary price of the product as well as less obvious nonmonetary costs, such as time and effort. B. The process people use to determine the value of a product is not highly scientific. C. In developing marketing activities, it is important to recognize that customers receive benefits based on their experiences. D. The marketing mix can be used to enhance perceptions of value. V. Marketing ManagementA. Marketing management is the process of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling marketing activities to facilitate effective and efficient exchanges. 1. â€Å"Effectiveness† is the degree to which an exchange helps achieve an organization’s objectives. 2. â€Å"Efficiency† refers to minimizing the resources an organization must spend to achieve a specific level of desired exchang es. B. Planning is a systematic process of assessing opportunities and resources, determining marketing objectives, and developing marketing strategy and plans for implementation and control.C. Organizing marketing activities involves developing the internal structure of the marketing unit. D. Proper implementation of marketing plans hinges on coordination of marketing activities, motivation of marketing personnel, and effective communication within the unit. E. The marketing control process consists of establishing performance standards, comparing actual performance with established standards, and reducing the difference between desired and actual performance. VI. The Importance of Marketing in Our Global EconomyA. Marketing Costs Consume a Sizable Portion of Buyers’ Dollars 1. About one-half of a buyer’s dollar goes to the costs of marketing. 2. Because marketing expenses consume significant portions of each dollar, it is important to know how this money is used. B. Marketing Is Used in Nonprofit Organizations 1. Marketing is also important in organizations working to achieve goals other than ordinary business objectives such as profit. 2. Government agencies engage in marketing activities to fulfill missions and goals. . In the private sector, nonprofit organizations also employ marketing activities to create, distribute, promote, and even price programs that benefit particular segments of society. C. Marketing Is Important to Business and the Economy 1. Businesses must sell products to survive and grow, and marketing activities help sell their products. 2. Marketing activities help produce profits which are essential to the survival of individual businesses and the health and ultimate survival of the global economy. D.Marketing Fuels Our Global Economy 1. Profits from marketing products contribute to the development of new products and technologies. 2. Advances in technology, along with falling political and economic barriers, and the univers al desire for a higher standard of living, have made marketing across national borders commonplace while stimulating global economic growth. E. Marketing Knowledge Enhances Consumer Awareness 1. The study of marketing allows a more effective assessment of a product’s value and flaws. 2.An understanding of marketing enables evaluation of corrective measures (such as laws, regulations, and industry guidelines) which could stop unfair, damaging, or unethical marketing practices. F. Marketing Connects People through Technology 1. New technology, especially technology related to computers and telecommunications, helps marketers understand and satisfy more customers than ever before. 2. The Internet is a vital tool for marketing to consumers and other businesses. G. Socially Responsible Marketing can Promote the Welfare of Customers and Society 1.The success of our economic system depends on marketers whose values promote trust and cooperative relationships in which customers are t reated with respect. 2. By managing concern about the impact of marketing on society, a organization can protect the interests of the general public and the natural environment. H. Marketing Offers Many Exciting Career Prospects 1. From 25 to 33 percent of all civilian workers in the U. S. perform marketing activities. 2. Whether a person earns a living through marketing activities or performs them voluntarily in non-business projects, marketing knowledge and skills are valuable assets.

Analyisis of Yell Group PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Analyisis of Yell Group PLC - Essay Example range of media like printed directories, local and national newspapers, and online directories and also provides business and residential information on phone. The main areas of operation of the group are United Kingdom and United States of America. (Company Overview, Worldscope) In the year 2006, the company posted a total sales figure of â‚ ¤1621.30 million. The operating income was â‚ ¤449.30 million, and the net income was â‚ ¤212.30 million. The total assets of the company in 2006 amounted to â‚ ¤3592.60 million as against the total liabilities of â‚ ¤2486.80million. The EBITDA is â‚ ¤493.90million. The key fundamentals of the company the company are given as under: The sales of the company increased from 670.51 million pounds in 2002 to 1285.30 million pounds in 2005. From 2002 to 2003 there was a 66.14% increase in sales. This increase in sales stabilized to 6.54% in 2004 and then increased to 8.29% in 2005. From 2002 to 2005 the cost of goods sold increased from 226.10 million pounds to 470.70 million pounds. The first year saw an increase of about 72.05%. This increase also stabilized to 11.39% in 2004 and 8.63% in 2005. The cost of goods sold from 2002 to 2500 decreased consistently, while the rate of increase in sales dipped to 6.54% from a high of 66.14% in 2003. The gross income and the operating income have also increased consistently from 2003 onwards. The increases were the highest from 2002 to 2003, and all the increases were over 50% in all the above measures. At the same time, the company has been trying to reduce its general, admin, selling expenses and other expenses. These expenses were again very high from 2002 to 2003, but ha ve steadily decreased since then. The earnings before interest and taxes increased by 59.46% in 2003 and decreased at the rate of 49.30% in 2004. It again showed a phenomenal increase of 161.15% in 2005. This trend of decrease and then increase was a result of an increase in the pretax extraordinary charge at the data 64.12%

Rhetorical Analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetorical Analyses - Essay Example Rupert Murdoch, an ultra-conservative, envisioned in the beginning of Fox News a more conservative observation of the media in contrast to the much more liberal representation that was emanated at the time. The film takes this information and then proceeds to broadcast a systematic series of events that test the validity and substance of Murdoch's journalistic approach. During the Reagan administration, Murdoch demanded the airing of a story in tribute to Reagan. The film portrays this as a problem because Fox News specifically focused on that story over other more important events. The only issue with the way in which they express this information is that they did not indicate what other stories were going on at the time that had a greater value. A very interesting point the film dealt with was its emphasis on very specific parts of internal memos Fox sent to each individual broadcasting station. In the film, they darken the outside information and focus simply on one or two particu lar lines. The material from these one or two lines involved the stories that were to be covered that day or week. The only issue with this method of persuasion is that it does not in fact show the entire memorandum, but rather a very particular part. By hiding the audience from an entire article and instead revealing only a small portion, the documentary distorts the larger issue with minute details. In its emphasis on fair and balanced reporting, the film challenges this claim through a very animated interviewer named Bill O'Reilly. Throughout his segment with the person he is interviewing, he often prevents them from giving their opinion by telling them to "Shut Up." There is a nice clip from the film that combines all sorts of instances where O'Reilly tells others to shut up. This is a very effective way to demonstrate the repetitive disgruntle that O'Reilly has towards anyone that is not a right-wing conservative. These clips also succeed in showing the irrational behavior of a very powerful correspondent. For in fact, he does not truly represent anything even close to the claim of fair and balanced reporting. By constantly interrupting people he interviews, he does not give anyone else but himself a chance to express their opinion. Not only is he biased, but the film also shows his uncontrollable temper at a press conference. At the conference, he tells his opponent to "Shut Up" repeatedly after the man simply responds to O'Reilly with one simple remark. Probably the most influential method the film has at influencing people's opinions of the Fox News organization is its usage of anonymous interviews with previous Fox employees. The interviews involve events and occurrences that went on behind the scenes in the Fox news room. The effective result of all of this is that interviewing anonymous people automatically evokes a sense of fear and suspicion in the audience. Even if the information they present is not factual, the viewer will believe what they are saying because they presume the person is being forced into anonymity by the actions of Fox News. The power in this argumentative device is that it subconsciously convinces viewers that something must be wrong with Fox if all of these normal, everyday people were all mysteriously removed from their positions. The film does not simply use dramatic interviews to entice its

Criminal Jusitice. The Criminal Justice System Process Research Paper

Criminal Jusitice. The Criminal Justice System Process - Research Paper Example Authorities mentioned that Phelps Collins got inside through some help from one of his friends and a brother to the owner of the townhouse. However, detectives did not expressly draw a clear connection between the staged break-in and the previous stabbing of Robert Wone. However, homicide detectives were looking into the burglary with the zeal of uncovering various potential leads. Wone was stabbed at the chest as he was visiting friends at the same home on the edge of Dupont Circle along the 1500 block of Swann Street NW. New details relating to the burglary later emerged through a number of interviews conducted much later (Klein &Schwartzman, 2006). Testimonies and court papers from a hearing for Collins the following week at D.C. Superior Court were also sources of information. Collins was later arrested on a burglary charge. Police maintained that Collins confessed to them that that Michael Price, the friend, had provided him with a key to the contended house as it belonged to Jo e Price, his brother. Police also added that Collins said that Michael Price was responsible for turning off the alarm immediately the two men broke into the house where electronics worth $7,700 were stolen. Case presented At the time, Michael Price was not yet charged in the burglary and he was not located to provide any comments. After the staged break-in, the detectives proceeded to the nearby pawnshops where they found two DVD players, an audio system among other stolen goods which led them all the way to Collins. In Calvert Street NW, the police found one of the CD changers as they searched the Collins's home. Collins had sold most of the other stolen items along the street for drugs or money, as the authorities speculated. A lawyer at one of the Washington firms, Joe Price, told police that he was not aware that Collins had done it even though he had heard the same through his brother (Klein &Schwartzman, 2006). This is according to information that was sourced from an affidavit the police filed after getting the search warrant for the residence of Collins. Joe Price also mentioned to the police that the brother was known to engage in drug abuse as well as hanging out with diverse subjects who we re adversely mentioned in drug usage on a frequent basis. Price directed the police to the fact that he did not avail permission to neither his brother nor Collins of entering his house and removing and later selling his property as stated in the affidavit. His public defender did not comment. Up to the point of the break-in, police expressed considerable doubt on the intruder theory. This is because there lacked an express sign of forced entry as the killer used a kitchen knife. Further, the crime scene seemed to be cleaned prior to the arrival of the officers as recounted by the police. Investigators convened a grand jury as well as enlisting the integral help of the respective departments of the FBI within the homicide. They also sought to keep high levels of control for the $1.2 million houses across several weeks after the killing while removing flooring, a chunk of the staircase, pieces of walls, sink traps and the washing machine searching for blood as well as any other evide nce (Klein &Schwartzman, 2006). Collins, who was at the time unemployed, had a criminal history which included four drug convictions between the years of 1998 and 2004 in the Montgomery and District as shown by the records. Authorities mentioned that most of the items taken from the burglary turned up at Pawnbrokers on 14th Street NW at Sam's residence which was only a few blocks away. The manager at the store, Sam Levy, said that Collins had previously pawned

Bally Total Fitness Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bally Total Fitness - Case Study Example Bally had been capitalizing on a trend in the early 2000’s where more Americans were becoming devoted to fitness and were attempting to reduce their household or personal obesity levels. It was during this period where a large portion of American society proclaimed to be interested in fitness and understood its importance in physical health. Bally began to target this large segment of â€Å"uninitiated believers† as the primary market for potential growth in the firm (Wells, 2008, p.1). Bally quickly became successful, by changing its marketing premise and targeting objectives, to create a rather diverse user profile for its many facilities. By adding new services that were in-line with the current needs of its vast consumer base, such as Pilates training, yoga, and other core systems, Bally found considerable success and growth. However, growth in much different public and private health clubs and organizations began to take some of Bally’s market share away by using celebrity endorsements or by appealing to niche market groups and then capitalizing on their personal needs to find success, such as with Curves. It was large growth in the competition that harmed Bally’s market position. Bally maintained many different barriers in terms of entering new markets since the equipment used for fitness cannot be easily converted into newly-marketable products or services. They are designed for physical fitness only. Under Porter’s Five Forces Model, â€Å"asset specificity is the extent to which a firm’s assets can be used to produce a different product† (quickmba.com, 2010, p.4). Bally had incorporated specialized training in the firm from outsourced or in-house talent experts, such as Pilates and yoga instructors, whose knowledge and skills could not be transferred into new markets.  

Asks you to research and write up a case study. You must demonstrate Essay

Asks you to research and write up a case study. You must demonstrate relevant academic research and consult your seminar or modu - Essay Example Although the media has helped a lot in connecting the entire globe, there are also huge instances of media violence, which is crippling the entire nation and thus creating moral panics. Going by the social cognitive theory, which takes into account behavioral factors, personal and environmental influences on young minds. The effect of media falls under the non-endogenous environmental factors, which essentially work through observational pattern of learning. Personal factors include one’s wishes and understanding of the self, beliefs and motivations while behavioral factors comprise of the actions of an individual acquired from previous interactions. These three aspects interact with one another with the help of an occurrence called reciprocal determinism (Kirsh, 2009, p.34). In topical times, the different forms of entertainment and media including video games and the Internet render sufficient opportunities to the young population for gaining knowledge through observation. M oreover there are instances about the effects that are being summoned upon the children and adults for high aggression and aggressive modes of behavior when they are exposed to violent senses and images. The main idea in this paper is to portray the way in which â€Å"violence† and aggressions are portrayed by the media and the harmful impact it has on the young population in the form of â€Å"moral panic†, a term coined by Stanley Cohen (Banks, 2004, p. 173). This issue of moral panic arises when the observational learning experience of the young population becomes a threat to the social ethics and well-being. The major issue is the representation of real violence and necessary conflation with regards to the T.V, the film or video games and any other activity, which is designated to be real violent or aggressive. (Andersen, 2008, pp.549-550) Case study: There have been instances of regular killing and murder cases considering mainly the white skinned young females, wh ich has generated sensation in the media world and has created kneejerk legislation. However the case of abduction by the strangers is decreasing but the danger which is getting more pronounced for the children is the abduction of children by the family members who take part in major perpetration, kidnapping and abuse. The UK press has initiated a mass campaigning in the name ‘campaign against paedos’ after the case of the murder of Sarah Pyne who was aged only 8 years in July 2000. Sarah Pyne a very young white skinned girl was kidnapped and then was brutally murdered on 1/7/2000 by Roy Whiting. The murderer was immediately tried and condemned in the court. The kidnap took place from the fields in Kingston Gorse near Littlehampton in the Western part of Sussex where the little girl had been playing. The sudden disappearance of Sarah created a huge ripple in the area and led to massive search being conducted by the police and this has generated enough media interest and attention. Later on, her body was found near Pulborough in a field, which was about 20 miles away from Kingston Gorse on 17th of July. The person Roy Whiting had been the major suspect for the police from the beginning but lack of evidence against him was creating a great impediment for the police to sue the murderer. But later on after the discovery of Sarah’s dress at Goose Green crossroads near Coolham, essential forensic investigations were conducted, which helped the police to charge the person and he was sentenced to lifetime

Analysis of The Concubine's Children by Denise Chong Research Paper

Analysis of The Concubine's Children by Denise Chong - Research Paper Example The idea of adaptation is one that becomes fragmented in identity and in being able to move to a foreign land without associating one’s identity with being foreign. Complexities in Immigrant Adaptation The immigrant adaptation that is developed in various regions is dependent on attitudes, behaviors, definitions and associations with a majority culture. The attitudes which are created create differences between the majority or native groups and the minority groups and immigrants that come from a different region. The first level of adaptation is one which is based on culture shock, which is based on the initial reactions, misunderstandings and lack of understanding about the majority culture. The process then continues with trying to adapt to behaviors, cultural norms, language and identifying the self in a different context. However, this often occurs without completely adapting into society or being a part of the majority mentality and group. The ability to adapt is based on cognitive styles and the association with both individual personality and overall adaptation into society (Witkin, 17). Throughout the explanations offered by Chong, there is a sense of trying to adapt and the continuous displacement that is a part of coming from China and assimilating in Canada. The metaphor that is used is one which is based on having a division of identity in two, one which belongs to the old culture and the other which is a part of the new. â€Å"It was as if the coat, in its last performance, in forbearance and forgiveness, had itself restored the two halves of the family – one in Canada, one in China – to one† (Chong, 3). This particular example becomes a main association in the book where the idea of adaptation also means losing part of one’s identity to gain another. While there is a strong association with the original culture, the need to be a part of the new becomes the main concern. The ability to adapt within society is not only seen with the tearing apart of identity by trying to fit in with the majority. There are also other layers of adaptation which occur. Acculturation and ethnic relations are two areas which are defined when one is working into a society. Acculturation is when an individual decides to begin being a part of the majority culture. Language, food, dress and other appearances are a part of the main culture while the area in which one immigrates form is left behind. The desire is to build ethnic relations with others that are in the community while creating a plural society of multiculturalism. It is noted that this changes security, tolerance and ethnic attitudes among both majority and minority groups while developing attitudes within the larger of society (Berry, 719: 2006). The changes in attitude that are noted with adaptation is one that is also seen in the narration. For instance, when working toward moving into the Canadian community, it is expected that Chen Sam and his family lives in Chinatown, works in a sewing factory and takes their place among immigrants. While this is expected for immigrants, the need to adapt into the society becomes more prominent based on need and the expected lifestyle of those working in the country. â€Å"Chan Sam had his own ideas about what his daughter’s next move should be. ‘Everybody is buying a house,’ he said. He persuaded them to look at what he’d found for sale†¦ Winnie and John liked the neighborhood. There was a United Church across the

Role of Allied Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role of Allied Professional - Essay Example However, the pharmacist may refuse to honor such prescription, if in his or her own judgment as a professional pharmacist find that, honoring such prescription may result to total violation of the law. Secondly, the pharmacist may refuse to honor Doctor’s prescription if the drugs prescribed may jeopardize the life of a patient by creating an addiction. In addition, the pharmacist may refuse to honor such prescription if it violates the interest of a patient. Further, the pharmacist has a professional duty of exercising professional duty in ensuring the best interest of patient’s health. Pharmacist also a responsibility of providing counseling guidance to patients on the risk associated with the drug if it is not properly utilized (Buerki & Vottero, 2002). Based on this case it can be observed that the pharmacist observed some of those responsibilities as required by the law. For example, when the Plaintiff/ patient (Patrick McLaughlin) delivered the prescription from Doctor Edwards, the pharmacist (Kathy ODell and Craig Merrick) honored the prescription as ordered by the Doctor. However, he failed to exercise his responsibility by supplying more drugs to McLaughlin despite the fact that the records indicated that McLaughlin had consumed more propoxyphene drugs than required. Further, he failed to caution the patient of the health risk that could result if he consumes an overdose (Legal Inc, 2013). I agree with the court findings in favor of Hooks because, Hooks was not a direct causation of the injuries sustained by Patrick McLaughlin. In addition, Hooks was not attributed to McLaughlin attempts to commit suicide. Secondly, the pharmacists were within their line of professional duty by observing the prescription recommended by the Doctor. In addition, the case was decided based on the principle of Stare decisis. Whereby, the same precedent used in the previous cases was followed. For example, the ruling for this case made based

Question set 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question set 2 - Essay Example The behavior can be further distilled into two forms which are initiating structure also referred to as task behavior and consideration, referred to as relationship behavior. The task behavior makes it easier for the subordinates to accomplish the set goals as well as objectives and relationship behavior makes things easier for the subordinates in the context in which they tend to operate with other members of the organization. The main objective of the leadership style approach is to help in the understanding of how leaders integrate the two broad concepts of behavior in order to influence the group member positively to achieve organizational and personal goals and objectives. Steps to Effectiveness Two key steps that leadership should take in order to be effective are vision and communication. However, in order to be effective leader one should have good followers. Let us assume that I am the follower of an organization like Tesco and according to me the leadership style approach i s the most appropriate. Leadership style refers to process in which leader’s tends to behave towards their followers. In addition the leadership style is a combination of skill, trait and behavior which leaders use in the process of interacting with the followers. In the leadership style approach behavior is an important component as it is consistent with the pattern of behavior which characterizes a leader. To be led by example is important for a follower as the followers tends to observe the behavior of the leader and thus copy it (Lussier & Achua, 2009, p.70). This way, the most correct and appropriate way of leading will be through leadership style approach. Leader Skills Technosoft Russia Ivan Chalkovsky the sales and marketing head at Technosoft Russia had one most important tasks of deciding on the use of appropriate database for the purpose of sales and marketing activities. Although the SMB of Chalkovsky had good support from the database he was worried about potenti al clients who were not passed to the resellers and as a result lead referral system was created and latter replaced by SMSS. The lead referral system faced issues with resolving the task of monitoring and following with the leads. Chalkovsky wanted to make use of telesales in order to follow and generate leads and also make use of â€Å"one-to-many† model of telesales where the TSR had a given territory to generate sales and create long term relationship with its customers. The marketing manager realized that the sale team needed a team leader and thus Peterson was appointed for the same. However it can be seen that the TRA were not satisfied with her as only 5TSRs filled up the form in favor of Peterson. Thus is Peterson would have provided with proper training in managerial skills and how to handle a team the result would have been different. Proper training was missing, support from the management as well as the TSRs team was lacking leading to low popularity of Peterson. Elite, Inc As Benson took over the position of CEO with Elite Inc. she faced many challenges from Jake who was the CFO of Elite Inc. Jake did not have qualify for the position of CEO as the company thought he lacked leadership skills and as a result Benson had to face challenges. The projects given to Jack were never completed on time and also received late night emails from Jake with regards to work which could have been done during the

The most successful stage effects and language techniques used to create dramatic tension Essay Example for Free

The most successful stage effects and language techniques used to create dramatic tension Essay Introduction Macbeth is at first seen as a courageous soldier who is loyal to his King, he and the King have a close relationship, the King loves him almost like a son. So, why should he murder the man who thinks so fondly of him? I believe Macbeth to be an intelligent man but he is corrupted, by his own ambition, greed and by his wife Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth initially appears as a kind wife but we soon learn underneath lies a scheming and manipulative woman. We see Lady Macbeth take control of the situation as Macbeths weaknesses begin to unfold. Macbeths character dramatically changes as this scene progresses as the realization of what he has done dawns on him, he becomes more and anxious and hysterical, everything troubles him; Whence is that knocking? How ist with me, when every noise appalls me? The scene begins with Lady Macbeth anxiously waiting for her husbands return, tension is created because we are unable to see or hear Macbeths actions. This is an example of Shakespeares skill with stagecraft. Lady Macbeth pretends to be in control of the situation when in actual fact she is far from in control. This is given away by her reaction to An owl Shrieks; Hark, peace! It was the owl that striekd, the fatal bellman. Which gives the sternst good-night. He is about it. The sound of the owl is a simple but effective stage effect, creating tension. This is because the owl shrieks symbolised the night watchman who would ring the bell outside the cells of prisoners condemned to death. A 16th century audience would have been recognised what Shakespeare meant, creating an image in peoples minds building up more suspense within the play. Lady Macbeth also says; I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry Crickets were also believed by the Elizabethans to be the messenger of death, which is another effective stagecraft using imagery. I believe the mention of the owl also symbolises darkness, as the owl is a creature of the night, giving the scene a darker more chilling edge. Macbeth crys out Whos there? What ho? This offstage noise leaves the audience thinking that Macbeth has been caught Shakespeare uses monosyllabic language in this quote to enhance the feelings of urgency and panic, which is a good use of language to create dramatic tension. Lady Macbeth does not immediately see her husband, this could be because of the imagery of darkness or maybe because Macbeth enters elsewhere. She hears his cry and doubts him; she thinks he has disturbed someone Alack, Im afraid they have awakd, And tis not done; thattempt and not the deed Confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready, He could not miss em. There is urgency and panic in her speech and a sense of desperation, this creates dramatic tension for the audience as you can feel Lady Macbeths worry. Macbeths anxiety prevents him from going back to the scene of the murder Ill go no more. I am afraid to think what I have done; Look ont again, I dare not. Lady Macbeth shows here frustration (anxiety) at Macbeths attitude and takes the daggers from Macbeth Infirm of purpose! Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead Are but pictures; tis the eye of childhood That fears a painted devil. It is obvious from this quote that Lady Macbeth is angry with Macbeth, she is in a rage, probably because she to struggling to stay in control of the situation and because the thought of them both being discovered scares her. She is however under the infuence of alcohol, so has courage That which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold; to take the daggers back. She views Macbeth as being week minded and childish. This allows Shakespeare to take Lady Macbeth from the stage and create another stage effect leaving Macbeth to become even more hysterical. He is standing in the courtyard where anyone could catch him generating more tension. Then there is a knock at the gate, which makes the already jumpy Macbeth even worse; Whence is that knocking? How ist with me, when every noise appals me? The knocking gives the audience reader a feeling that the discovery of the murder is only being delayed by Macbeths anxious talk. What hands are here? Ha: they pluck out mine eyes. Will all great neptunes ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No: this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. In this quote Shakespeare applies the imagery blood. This has connotations of treason, guilt, murder and death. Macbeth wants to cleanse his hands from the blood to rid him of any evidence connecting him to the murder and perhaps clear his troubled mind. Also the punctuation Shakespeare uses makes Macbeth seem even more troubled as he talks to him self. The use of colons makes it seem as if Macbeth is having an argument within himself almost verging on schizophrenia. Shakespeares use of language and structure manages to create tension throughout this act. He manages to gradually build up stage effects and language little by little, increasing the use of monosyllabic language and imagery taking the reader/audience on a roller coaster of emotions. His use of language and effects in the right places helps the characters and the play to become really believable. I believe this scene is designed with the sole intention of creating tension and to make the reader/audience believe the Macbeth will be caught, creating dramatic tension for the acts which follow.

Strategies for Cancer Treatment

Strategies for Cancer Treatment Cancer is one of the most severe health problems in the world. So the development of new anticancer drugs and new effective strategies to treat cancer is on the rise in drug discovery and clinical therapy. One of the major causes for morbidity and mortality is cancer, alone in 2008 there are approximately 12.7 million cases and 7.6 million deaths worldwide. A diagnosis of cancer goes as back as ca. 460 BC – ca. 370 BC, Hippocrates describes many different types of cancers and referred to them with the word carcinos, Greek word means crab. He gave this name because of the cut surfaces of a solid malignant tumour, showing stretched veins on all sides, similar in appearance of crab. A normal cell changes into a cancer cell due to cell mutation. Stimulatory and inhibitory systems in human body are responsible for controlling cell division. Cancer is monoclonal and for a normal cell to change its â€Å"phenotype† into a â€Å"neoplastic† cell, it has to undergo genetic mutation and these mutations will cause cancer. Carcinogenesis occurs in three stages: initiation, promotion and progression. Malignant transformation occurs at progression step and implies the ability to attack surrounding tissues to spread cancer. DNA damage is one of the main causes of cancer. It can arise from prolong exposure to exogenous agents. Cancer research has generated a rich and complex body of cognition, bring outing cancer to be a disease involving dynamic changes in the genome after a fourth part century of rapid advances. Two types of cancer genes has be outlined in the discovery of mutation, 1st that â€Å"oncogenes with dominant gain of function† and 2nd â€Å"tumor suppressor genes with recessive loss of function†. Both were identified through changes in human and animal cancer cells and by experimental models on the their cancer phenotypes. That tumorigenesis in human beings is a multistep process and that these staircase reflect genetic alterations that drive the progressive transformation of normal human cells into highly malignant derivatives. Cultured cells transform is a multistep process, it was observed that rodent cells show tumorigenic activity after being introduced to a minimum two genetic changes, whereas human cells are more complicate to transform. It has been established by transge nic models of tumorigenesis that tumorigenesis in mice process over multiple rate-limiting steps. In cancer cell genotype, malignant growth consist of six crucial modifications in cell physiology (Figure); self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis), insensitivity to growth-inhibitory (antigrowth) signals, limitless replicative potential, sustained angiogenesis and tissue invasion and metastasis. Tumor development goes through physiological changes to ensure the anticancer defence mechanism is successfully breached into cells and tissues. These six physiological changes are said to be shared in almost all types of human tumors. Microtubules are new and improved cytotoxic anticancer inhibitors, used in the treatment of different types of cancer. They can attack a cancer cell as a single agent or as combined regiments. â€Å"Microtubule-interacting agents† are of two types, one acts by inhibiting the transformation of tubulin heterodimer into microtubule polymers (â€Å"tubulin polymerisation inhibitors†) and other acts as stabilizing agent, it stabilizes the microtubule under normal destabilize conditions (â€Å"microtubule stabilizers†). Vincristine and Vinblastine agents are used for tubulin polymerization inhibitor. They were approved by FDA in 1963 and 1965. The 1st agent to use as microtubule-stabilizing agent was paclitaxel (or taxol) and was approved by FDA in 1992 and then semi-synthetic analog docetaxel in 1996. The use of microtubule-stabilizing agents as anticancer drugs has made a significant advance in cancer treatment. Taxol is a complex diterpene. Wall, Wani and co-workers were the first to isolate it from the bar of the pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia Nutt in 1971. The compound showed excellent in vivo antitumor activity in nude mice experiment modelled as human tumour, which initiated the preclinical formulation and studies on Taxol toxicity in 1977 by NCI (National Cancer Institute). Susan Horwitz and co-workers were the 1st to identify the microtubule-stabilising properties of Taxol. They also identified the mechanism of action of taxol which stabilises the cellular microtubules is distinct from other compounds. Since 1995 many more natural products which share same properties as taxol i.e. depolymerisation of microtubules has been discovered. Cellular targets of microtubules-stabilizing agents consist of hollow filaments of ca.240 Ã… diameter, they are made of 55 kD proteins ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²-tubulin as an important subunit. Cytoskeleton consists of actin polymers and intermediate filaments, however microtubules are one of the essential components and responsible for various cellular functions, such as maintenance of cell shape, its development and motility, intracellular transport of vesicles. Cellular microtubules are made of 13 protofliaments â€Å"(i.e. linear polymer with head-to-tail arrangement of ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²-tubulin subunits)† There are possibilities structures with different protofilaments number, however only the structure with 13 protofilaments can align ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²-tubulin parallel along with the axis of microtubules cylinder and this can cellular transport by motor proteins over a long distance. Microtubules has the ability to shorten and lengthen its length by adding or losing ÃŽ ±/ÃŽ ² tubulin from microtubule ends, and this known as â€Å"dynamic instability†. The dynamic properties of the microtubules are responsible for proper assembly of the mitotic spindle and the sister chromatids movement to the spindle poles. The spindle microtubules are 4-100 folds more dynamic as compare to the one’s forming interphase cytoskeleton. As mentioned above microtubule-interacting agents are of two types, one inhibits the microtubule polymerisation or destabilise the microtubules which already exists â€Å"(such as Vinca alkaloids or colchicines)† and other stabilise microtubules under destabilising conditions. Both types of agents would lead intense cell cycle arrest in mitosis at cellular level and would bring death that cell through apoptpsis. According to the research done by Horwitz and co-workers it is established that if a human cancer cell is treated with low concentration of microtubule-stabilising drugs, this will lead to abnormal mitosis formation, followed by the cell cycle arrest in G1 and eventually apoptosis will take place in arrested G1 state. However if high concentration of drug is used against human cancer cell, it will cause a prolong mitotic block and cells will exit without multiplying, as a result formation of tetraploid G1 cells will take place, which then leads to cell apoptosis. This can be established from the these results that it is a fundamental requirement for the cells to go through mitosis to achieve apoptosis by microtubule-stabilizing agents. For anticancer drugs, the cellular response to MSA’s can be modify due to changes occur in the cells and can lead to drug resistance or cell may be inherently acquired resistance against the effects of growth inhibitors due to the resistance protein. Drug efflux by ABC transporters such as the phosphoglycp-protein (P-gp), is one of the most often drug resistance observed in the cancer cells. Introduction of taxol was given above, now we will look at in more detail. Taxol showed excellent in vivo antitumor activity in nude mice experiment modelled as human tumour, which initiated the preclinical formulation and studies on Taxol toxicity in 1977 by NCI (National Cancer Institute). Susan Horwitz and co-workers were the 1st to identify the microtubule-stabilising properties of Taxol. They also identified the mechanism of action of taxol which stabilises the cellular microtubules is distinct from other compounds. Anticancer drugs from taxol are used widely to treat different types of cancer such as ovarian, breast and non-small cell lungs cancer. It can be used on its own, monotherapy or combined with cis-platin. Taxol has very low stability and formulation difficulties, however one of the major issue in it development is its low availability from natural sources.

Definition Of Business Economics Commerce Essay

Definition Of Business Economics Commerce Essay Business economics, also called Managerial Economics as a field in applied economics uses economic theory and quantitative methods to analyze business enterprises and the factors contributing to the diversity of organizational structures and the relationships of organizations with labour, Capital ,land ,taxes international trade and product markets. Managerial Economics consists of that part of economic theory which helps the business manager to take decisions. Business involves decision-making. Decision making means the process of selecting one out of two or more alternative courses of action. Economic theories help to analyze the practical problems faced by business organizations. Business economics integrates economic theory with business practice. It is a special branch of economics that bridges the gap between economic theory and business management. It deals with the use of economic concepts and principles for decision making in a business unit. It is called Business Economics or Economics of the organizations. Every business is operated by some resources and these are limited . Business economics tells the techniques about how to utilize resources for maximum satisfaction . Both micro and macro economics tools are used in business economics . But micro economics are so related to business economics because for effective operating of business , micro economics helps to optimize demand , production and price and factor price theories. DEFINITION OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS In simple words, business economics is the discipline which helps a business manager in decision making for achieving the desired results. In other words, it deals with the application of economic theory to business management. According to Spencer and Siegelman, Business economics is the integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision-making and forward planning by management. According to Mc Nair and Meriam, Business economics deals with the use of economic modes of thought to analyses business situation. From the above said definitions, we conclude the following objectives of business economics: 1) Explanation of nature and form of economic analysis 2) To apply economic concepts: and principles to solve business problems 3) Spell out the relationship between Managerial Economics and other disciplines outline the methodology of managerial economics. 4) To make overall development of a firm. 5) To minimize risk and uncertainty 6) To help in demand and sales forecasting. 7) To help in operation of firm by helping in planning, organizing, controlling etc. 8) To help in formulating business policies. 9) To help in profit maximization. NATURE OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS Managerial Economics and Business economics are the two terms, which, at times have been used interchangeably. However, the term Managerial Economics has become more popular and seems to displace progressively the term Business Economics. Business economic seeks to establish rules which help business organizations attain their goals, which indeed is also the essence of the word normative. However, if the firms are to establish valid decision rules, they must thoroughly understand their environment. This requires the study of positive or descriptive theory. SCOPE OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS : As regards the scope of business economics, no uniformity of views exists among various authors. However, the following aspects are said to generally fall under business economics. 1. Demand Analysis and Forecasting 2. Cost and production Analysis. 3. Pricing Decisions, policies and practices. 4. Profit Management. 5. Capital Management. 6. Inventory management 7. Linear programming and theory of games 8. Environmental issues 9. Business cycles These various aspects are also considered to be comprising the subject matter of business economic. Thus, managerial economics comprises both micro and macro-economic theories. The subject matter of managerial economics consists of all those economic concepts, theories and tools of analysis which can be used to analyze the business environment and to find out solution to practical business problems. CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS The following characteristics of business economics are: 1. Micro economics: Managerial economics is micro economic in character. This is so because it deals with the problems of an individual business unit. It does not study the problems of the entire economy. 2. Normative science: Managerial economics is a normative science. It is concerned with what management should do under particular circumstances. It determines the goals of the enterprise. Then it develops the ways to achieve these goals. 3. Pragmatic: Managerial economics is pragmatic. It concentrates on making economic theory more application oriented. It tries to solve the managerial problems in their day-today functioning. 4. Prescriptive: Managerial economics is prescriptive rather than descriptive. It describes solutions to various business problems. 5. Uses macro economics: Marco economics is also useful to business economics. Macro-economics provides an intelligent understanding of the environment in which the business operates. Managerial economics takes the help of macro-economics to understand the external conditions such as business cycle, national income, economic policies of Government etc. 6. Uses theory of firm: Managerial economics largely uses the body of economic concepts and principles towards solving the business problems. Managerial economics is a special branch of economics to bridge the gap between economic theory and managerial practice. 7. Management oriented: The main aim of managerial economics is to help the management in taking correct decisions and preparing plans and policies for future. Managerial economics analyses the problems and give solutions just as doctor tries to give relief to the patient. 8. Multi disciplinary: Managerial economics makes use of most modern tools of mathematics, statistics and operation research. In decision making and planning principles such accounting, finance, marketing, production and personnel etc. 9. Art and science.-Managerial economics is both a science and an art. As a science, it establishes relationship between cause and effect by collecting, classifying and analyzing the facts on the basis of certain principles. It points out to the objectives and also shows the way to attain the said objectives. SIGNIFICANCE OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS 1. Business economic is concerned with those aspects of traditional economics which are helpful for business decision making in real life. These are adapted or modified with a view to enable the manager take better decisions. 2. It also incorporates useful ideas from other disciplines such as Psychology, Sociology, Accounting. Statistics and Mathematics can be used to solve or at least throw some light upon the problems of business management. Business economics takes the help of other disciplines having a bearing on the business decisions in relation various explicit and implicit constraints subject to which resource allocation is to be optimized. 3. Business economics helps in reaching a variety of business decisions in a complicated environment. 4. Business economics makes a manager a more competent model builder. It helps him appreciate the essential relationship Characterizing a given situation. 5. At the level of the firm. Where its operations are conducted though known focus functional areas, such as finance, marketing, personnel and production, business economics serves as an integrating agent by coordinating the activities in these different areas. 6. Business economics takes cognizance of the interaction between the firm and society, and accomplishes the key role of an agent in achieving the its social and economic welfare goals. It has come to be realized that a business, apart from its obligations to shareholders, has certain social obligations. Business economics focuses attention on these social obligations as constraints subject to which business decisions are taken. It serves as an instrument in furthering the economic welfare of the society through socially oriented business decisions. USES OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS Business economics is useful because: 1) It provides tools and techniques for managerial decisions 2) It gives answers to the basic problems of business management. 3) It supplies data for analysis and forecasting. 4) It provides tools for demand forecasting and profit planning. 5) It guides the managerial economist. 6) It provides optimal Solution to Business Problems. 7) Business economics study is very helpful for effective utilization of business resources. It determines every factors price on supply and demand of such factor so, that the price becomes optimize by this supply and demand analysis. 8) Keynesian s general theory of employment tells us that full employment depends on investment and effective demand if both will increase after this employment can increase . Govt. takes steps for increasing investment in self employment schemes and try to help to sell the products after this full employment generated. Thus, Business economics offers a number of benefits to business managers. It is also useful to individuals, society and government. APPLICATIONS OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS IN MANAGEMENT The basic function of a management executive in a business organization is decision making and forward planning. Decision Making means the process of selecting one action from two or more alternative courses of action whereas forward planning means making plans for the future. The question of choice arises because resources such as capital, land, labor and management are limited and can be employed in alternative uses. The application of economics to business management or the integration of economic theory with business practice, as Spencer and Siegelman presents, the following aspects :- Reconciling traditional theoretical concepts of economics in relation to the actual business behavior and conditions. In economic theory, the technique of analysis is one of model building whereby certain assumptions are made and on that basis, conclusions as to the behavior of the firms are drowned. The assumptions, however, make the theory of the firm unrealistic since it fails to provide a satisfactory explanation of that what the firms actually do. Hence the need to reconcile the theoretical principles based on simplified assumptions with actual business practice and develops appropriate extensions and reformulation of economic theory, if necessary. Estimating economic relationships, viz., measurement of various types of elasticities of demand such as price elasticity, income elasticity, cross-elasticity, promotional elasticity, cost-output relationships, etc. The estimates of these economic relationships are to be used for purposes of forecasting. Predicting relevant economic quantities, eg., profit, demand, production, costs, pricing, capital, etc., in numerical terms together with their probabilities. As the business manager has to work in an environment of uncertainty, future is to be predicted so that in the light of the predicted estimates, decision making and forward planning may be possible. Using economic quantities in decision making and forward planning, that is, formulating business policies and, on that basis, establishing business plans for the future pertaining to profit, prices, costs, capital, etc. The nature of economic forecasting is such that it indicates the degree of probability of various possible outcomes, i.e. losses or gains as a result of following each one of the strategies available. Hence, before a business manager there exists a quantified picture indicating the number of courses open, their possible outcomes and the quantified probability of each outcome. Keeping this picture in view, he decides about the strategy to be chosen. Understanding significant external forces constituting the environment in which the business is operating and to which it must adjust, e.g., business cycles, fluctuations in national income and government policies pertaining to public finance, fiscal policy and taxation, international economics and foreign trade, monetary economics, labor relations, anti-monopoly measures, industrial licensing, price controls, etc. The business manager has to appraise the relevance and impact of these external forces in relation to the particular business unit and its business policies. CONCLUSION In business organizations and firms business economics plays a very important role .The usefulness of business economics lies in adopting the tools from economic theory, incorporating relevant ideas from other fields to take better business decisions. business economics serve as a catalytic agent in the process of decision making by different functional departments at the firmà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s level. For the organizations appropriate direction one should follow the rules of business economics. which will be helpful in organizations success.

ky history :: essays research papers

DALLAS (AP) — At an extraordinary meeting on the sex scandal that has shaken the Roman Catholic church, U.S. bishops took a step toward a zero-tolerance policy for pedophile priests after scrapping a proposal that would have kept some abusive clergy in the ministry. Bishops met in a closed-door session until late Thursday as they crafted a plan that Catholic leaders hope will end a crisis that has seen the dismissal or resignation of 250 accused priests since January. Four bishops have also stepped down. Final legislation was to be approved Friday — progress considered unprecedented for a church that often debates issues for years. AP/L.M. Otero [17K] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Last week's initial draft proposed that a priest who abused one minor in the past could be reassigned to a parish, though only if he underwent counseling, was examined by a review board, agreed to supervision and publicly disclosed his misconduct. Future acts of molestation would mean expulsion — an idea expected to be retained Friday. Cardinal Francis George of Chicago said the two-strikes-and-you're-out ``language is unacceptable. That sounds as if you can do it once and no one would pay attention to you.'' Archbishop Harry Flynn of St. Paul and Minneapolis, head of the drafting committee, indicated this left two options: Strict zero tolerance — ousting any priest found guilty of abuse — or a slightly less strict policy of the sort advocated by Cardinal Theodore McCarrick of Washington, D.C. McCarrick has suggested allowing some older men guilty of one past misdeed to remain technically in the priesthood but living in close confinement, kept out of parishes and barred from celebrating public Masses. Bishops open abuse conference Windows Media RealVideo Thursday's meeting came after a highly dramatic opening in which Bishop Wilton Gregory, president of the United States Conference of Bishops, bluntly acknowledged that bishops' mistakes helped cause the scandal. While Gregory has repeatedly apologized for the bishops' role in the crisis, his remarks Thursday were perhaps his most direct yet. ``We are the ones who chose not to report the criminal actions of priests to the authorities, because the law did not require this,'' he said. ``We are the ones who worried more about the possibility of scandal than in bringing about the kind of openness that helps prevent abuse.'' Bishops also heard victims tell how pain permeated their lives. Michael Bland of Chicago told of joining the priesthood but leaving after trying to persuade church leaders to take action against his molester.

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie Essay -- Balzac

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is a very complex book with many hidden and double meanings. The book is based on the Little Seamstress and how she reacts to many aspects of life. Although she was introduced later in the novel, she is one of the main characters. The purpose of the seamstress in the story is that she is the main reason why Luo and the narrator wake up in the morning. Almost everything they do revolves around her and Dai Sijie makes this very apparent throughout the novel. The story, although set during the Cultural Revolution of China, is not really about the reign of Chairman Mao. It is about the seamstress and how she responds to the many actions of the two boys. The story begins when both Luo and the narrator were taken from their homes in order to be re-educated because everyone that was considered an "intellectual" (anyone that attended high school) must go through the re-education process. It is ironic that they felt they had to re-educate people that already had a high school level education. Neither Luo nor the narrator had completed high school, they explained towards the beginning of the novel that they only had completed three years of lower middle school. The narrator was only seventeen and Luo was eighteen years old at the time they were re-educated. They were to be re-educated in a village called "The Phoenix of the Sky," with the peasants. They lived in a little house on stilts. The "Phoenix of the Sky" symbolizes something other than just the name of their village. A phoenix is a bird that is reborn from its own ashes after bursting into flames, this could symbolize that there is something more in store for them after thei... ...ut. The Little Seamstress had become a completely different person after she was read all of the books in Four Eyes' secret suitcase. Many of the changes came towards the end of the novel but throughout it you notice many small things, such as the way she talks and dresses. At the end of the book, you see the metamorphosis that the seamstress went through. She had completely changed her accent into the city one. She also made herself a brassier, a jacket that was something that would only be worn in the city, bought a pair of white tennis shoes, and had her hair tied with red ribbon in a small bob. "All that time we spent reading to her had certainly paid off," Luo whispered to the narrator after seeing his girlfriend's new look. It paid off just enough for her to completely leave her mountain girl ways and go to the city where someone with her knowledge belongs.

Essay on Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God -- Their Eyes Were Wa

Positive Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God In Zora Neale Hurston's novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the life of Janie is presented as a journey. Janie survives a grandmother, three husbands, and innumerable friends. Throughout this journey, she moves towards her ideals about love and how to live one's life. Hurston chooses to define Janie not by what is wrong in her life, but by what is good in it. Janie undergoes many changes throughout her journey, but the imagery in her life always conjures positive ideas in the mind of the reader. Janie's life begins under the watchful eye of her grandmother. Her grandmother has given up her own happiness to raise Janie and her mother. Right away, it is obvious that Janie's life is going to be different than her grandmother's. For starters, Janie has very different ideas about love than any other character. She may not be able to clearly define her thoughts, but the reader still sees that Janie's ideas are romantic and full of sensuality. The first glimpse into the past that the reader sees involves Janie underneath a pear tree, watching the flowers bloom. The descriptive language ("From barren brown stems to glistening leaf-buds; from the leaf-buds to snowy virginity of bloom" [10]) beautifully juxtaposed with complex thought ("The rose of the world was breathing out smell. It . . . followed her. . . and caressed her . . ." [10]) lets the reader experience the same feelings that Janie does, even though she is not yet old enough to fully describe them herself. Janie's grandmother is old and weak. She never had a person in her life who cared for her and truly wanted to look out for her well-being. As a result, she is frightened by Janie's refusal to follow the mold, ... ...tell it again. She doesn't need to. Janie has lived her life and survived her journey. Zora Neale Hurston closes off Their Eyes Were Watching God with one final, poignant image; Janie "[calling] in her soul to come and see" [184] the splendor of her life. Works Cited and Consulted Bourn, Byron D. "Women's Roles in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and James Baldwin's Go Tell It On the Mountain" Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Harper & Row, 1937. Johnson, Barbara. "Metaphor, Metonymy and Voice in Their Eyes Were Watching God." Modern Critical Interpretations: Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Lubitschek, Cyrena N. "The Role of Imagery in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." American Literature 58.2 (May 1996): 181-202.

Nursing Exemplar Essay

I arrived to work well rested and ready to start the day. I had just returned after a two week long vacation. Because of the time off, I arrived to 7 East to find that the assortment of patients was not familiar at all. As I began getting reports on my patients, one in particular I started to feel a little anxious and stressed. At first glance I could tell I would be busy for the next twelve hours. Lynda was a 45 year old woman that was admitted almost a week ago after having an emergent tracheostomy placed. Lynda was newly diagnosed with laryngeal cancer with already having several other diagnoses including: seizure disorders, mild mental retardation, behavioral issues, and was legally blind. Lynda also lived in an apartment for assisted living, and her only support that was occasional present was her brother, Steven. That first day I have Lynda, she was started on a full liquid diet. It quickly became clear that she was aspirating food. She was very angry with me after I took away her first real meal she was having in 5 days. After the physicians came to see Lynda and she had a swallow evaluation preformed it was decided that the best option for Lynda would be to have a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placed, for feedings. Lynda was added to the schedule and had her PEG tube placed that day. She was not happy with me and blamed me. I explained to Lynda why she needed to have the PEG tube, she told me that she understood why, but just wanted to go home. I told her that we just had to look at this as another path she had to take in order to get home. I told her that if she was able to care for her tracheostomy that a PEG tube would be nothing. It was at about this point I learned that even though, she had already been on our floor for almost a week with what would be a permanent tracheostomy no one had yet taught her to suction herself. As they were calling for her to go downstairs for the PEG tube placement, I assured Lynda that she was strong and that she would be able to do this. I told her that I would be there when she came back, and I would be there all week to teach her. With that Lynda felt confident and off she went. As Lynda was having her PEG tube I was thinking about all the questions I had about Lynda. I started reading her history and physicals, and the clinic reports. The first clinic appointment she had was when she came in almost one week ago. At this visit she was told that she was not breathing adequately enough and it was because she had a large tumor that was starting to block off her airway. She was told that she need to have a tracheostomy and soon before it would close off her airway, and then she had two options radiation so see if it would shrink the tumor or surgery to remove the tumor. She agreed to have the tracheostomy and planed to have surgery as it was explained to be her best option. It really didn’t say if Lynda understood the full extent of the surgery she would have, she just saw it as something she had to do and then she could go home. While waiting for Lynda to come back I met her friend Sister Mary. Sister Mary told me all about Lynda, about how she has known her since she was a teenager and all the hardships that Lynda has gone though. Of the many things I learned about Lynda from Sister Mary was that Lynda was a trooper and she would be able to care for her tracheostomy and PEG tube. As my shift came to an end, and Lynda was still in recovery. I decided to write Lynda a note that state for her to get some rest because we had a busy day ahead of us tomorrow. Day two, my mission was to teach Lynda the basics of self suctioning. As I walked into her room this morning she was all smiles and told me she was ready to learn. We started with the basics showing and explaining her tracheostomy tube and the suction catheters to her. I then gave her a dummy doll we teach patients how to suction on, and she was able to show all the correct steps that I have taught her on the dummy. At this point in the day after lots of practicing Lynda was able to remove the inner cannula tube of her tracheostomy and clean it. The look on Lynda’s face was that of incredible confidence, I was truly impressed with her. By the end of our second twelve hour shift, Lynda had learned how to suction herself. It was passed along in report to simply encourage her independence in suctioning herself. Day three, my mission was to teach Lynda the proper care of her PEG tube, and to continue with the encouragement of her suctioning herself. After walking her though a bolus feeding in the morning, she agreed to do the next one. Lunch time came around and sure enough, she was able to complete the bolus feeding with minimum assistance. By the time came for the next feeding she was going to get the can of food to do it herself when I had walked in the room. She laughed and told me I was right that the PEG tube was a lot easier than suctioning. At this point in Lynda’s stay I knew that she would be going home soon. Later that evening, while discussing Lynda’s progress over the last few days with the physicians I asked them what the plan was and instructed them that we needed to get nutrition, social work, and case management involved so that she could go home. The physicians stated that they would place the consults that I requested but as for discharge they were unsure about when this would happen because Lynda’s brother doesn’t think she can care for herself on her own. I was shocked to hear this, the brother who I had not seen in the last three days, and from what I heard hadn’t even come to visit Lynda at all. I voiced my concerns with this to the physicians, and told them she has shown myself and other nurses her ability to care for herself, and maybe they should suggest that her brother come in and see her care for herself. I had their attention, and they called the brother to tell him all that she has done and suggested that he come in to see her new abilities because they would like to send her home. Before I left that evening I told Lynda about what the physicians had said and about her brother’s fears. I told her that it was now her time to shine if she wanted to go home and that I believed in her. After being off for two days, I was so delighted to hear that Lynda was going to go home that day. Lynda requested to have me be her nurse that day, from what I gathered she had been asking where I was. Her discharge went off like a breeze, everything fell right into place. Lynda told me that she was going to miss me, and I told her she would see me soon enough. She was coming back for her surgery in two weeks. When Lynda came back for her surgery, she had wrote me a letter, telling me that I was more that her nurse, I was her friend and that she was grateful I believed in her. Lynda had become a more difficult patient to have after her surgery, and she would need frequent encouragement to perform the tasks that we already knew she could do. It took Lynda a period of time to realize that all the nurse’s and not just I knew that she could do all these things. Once Lynda realized that it was her choice and responsibility, she started suctioning and feeding herself again. Even to this day Lynda comes to visit me on the floor when she comes in for her clinic visits. I always get a big hug and smile from her. She reminds me that the things I do every day as a nurse make such a positive impact on my patients. This experience taught to trust my instincts and to believe in my patients. I am no longer afraid to speak up with it comes to advocating for my patients. My role as an advocate for Lynda helped her to obtain her main goal of going home. I was able to offer support, guidance, and knowledge to help ensure that she would be able to care for herself in a safe manner.

Argumentative Essay on Bilingual Education Essay

multilingualism is the ability to deliver two phrases. bilingualist reproduction is macrocosm taught shoal subjects in two various nomenclatures. The get together States is home to millions of immigrants each with their get congenital backgrounds. The United States require the immigrants to assure the full side of meat spoken communications when settling into the region. The schools should bring in the opportunity to bilingual students, or invigorated student immigrants the good to try the incline expression or to be taught in two polar wordss.This would conduct the students the advantage in filming two different lyrics that go forth do them in the future. They should be able to image their consume primeval wrangle and say it in clubby save alike in humans, however, they should as well as be taught the side delivery whether when entrance the country, school, or private tutoring. multilingual Education should non be constrained by the governme nt it should be their receive cease chose. As the immigrants be ar substitute more(prenominal) than liquified in the position language they get out view a better panorama get jobs, communication, and helping their own children diddle the side of meat language.The United States should not focusing just now on side of meat adept Movement they should passport the opportunity of Bilingual Education for its citizens, but excessively property face as one of the master(prenominal) languages in the country. First, the United States of necessity not to focus on making side the only language but clobber more on helping the impertinent immigrants hornswoggle the English language. The United States needs to do more to prevent the line of immigrants in the United States having trouble getting jobs or keeping up in the schoolroom because they argon not eloquent in English.If the immigrants were taught the full English language coming into the country it go out help the children in the classroom learn easier by keeping up with the instructor and excessively stimulate the p arnts the advantage to travel by with their childrens teachers. The immigrants turn in a chose to choose to learn the English language escapedly they set up chill out give tongue to their own aborigine language in wherever they want, but should be able to know the English language if they live in the United States. The United States needs to help improve the problems that the immigrants will encounter as they live in the United States and give the new immigrants an constitute chance.The United States is a country flux with different native backgrounds and ethnicties it is always undergoing socialisation of some sort. It is like a salad cast where not everyone assimilates together but is meld together. Ameri rouse has a common language and that is English, but American should also not force English only on immigrants or citizens, however, they should teach the new immigrants the English language and still allow them their own native languages. The United States should not single out the immigrants by now allowing them to speak their native language in public and only speak the English language. other(prenominal) reason for Bilingualism in the United States is Bilingual Education. Bilingual Education is the information of school subjects in two languages, the use and well-read of two different languages. The United States should have certain schools throughout the country that offer bilingual classes. The students should have the chose to learn another language or to be taught English while in the mean era they still are able to learn in the native language until the learn the full English language.As the students learn another language they become cozy in the writing, reading, discourse and comprehension of that language. Students in the fourth grade who are Spanish speaking natives have versed the English languages are studied on t heir fellowship of the two languages. The gathered stories from their families in Spanish and were to rewrite the story in English. The ruminate shows that by having children become bilingual in two languages gave them better opportunities in spiritedness and broaden their skills in the classroom and in the social and cultural world.This learning supports the blood line on bilingual teaching for immigrants and also shows the advantages one will have by comely bilingual. As they learn the English language, besides their own native language it can help them in galore(postnominal) ways. As the students learn English in the classrooms they are not told to forget their own native languages. When students who speak a native language and have not learned the English language enter a classroom full of English speaking students will become intimidated and afraid.The English language is a public language used throughout the country in all different areas. As the students who do not kn ow the English language are forced into a classroom of English only are more than likely going to fall base the other students from not discretion altogether what is organism taught and said by the teacher and their own classmates. Students should have the opportunity to be in a classroom where they are taught the English language but also learning the subjects that are being taught in school.They should have the advantage to learn the subjects in two different languages so that they will have a better understanding of the subjects. After a year or two at least the students should be ready to be placed in a normal English only classroom and be able to do well. It must be a variation for the students as they are prepared for the conveyancing into a standard English classroom. some student immigrants have made the conversion for their own native language to the English language and become better assimilated with the country.Although roughly student immigrants parents are swim ming in their native language most adore of their children being taught another language and becoming bilingual. The parents have a role in their childrens learning another language, however it can be crucial on their childrens schooling of another language as they communicate with their children in that native language in the covert of their home. In a study most immigrant parents support bilingual education for their children and few oppose it.They believe that their children being bilingual will give them more advantages, as helping the children in the classroom or leading their children to a mellowed career opportunity. The children are able to speak their native language at their home, but as they speak English at home they are helping their parents also learn the language. When the children know the English language it helps them be able to communicate easier with the comfort of the country. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism is not something that can affect the United States in a harmful way.The United States is a free country allowing all immigrants from all diversities come into this country. America should require the new immigrants to learn the full English language so that they are able to communicate with the rest of the country and able to get jobs. Schools should give the immigrant students who are not fluent in English the opportunity to learn English and school subjects in their native languages in a separate classroom, until they are fluent enough to keep up with the teacher and the material they are taught in a standard English classroom.If America allows Bilingualism and Bilingual Education then it will give the immigrants a chance at learning English to live in the country comfortably, go to school in English classrooms and work in English jobs. They are still allowed to speak their own native languages in the public and in the privacy of their own home. Bilingualism should not be forced on anyone. It should be a transitional act t o help them transform more into the United States.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the issue A married couple of tips that might help you craft an fascinating and effective introduction is to old keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look such like they are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical lit tle relevance of the research;brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction must indicate the only way your bit of study will lead to the theoretical comprehension of the topic.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to first mention the practical outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is among the ingredients of a dissertation.It is also physical vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones how that are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The same reason why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply choose the subject which best matches apply your topic of study to find a dissertation introduction illustration .

Try to summarize the gist of each previous chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the english summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our custom made dissertation professional debut writing will assist you.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present very useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research same topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the doctoral dissertation outline is added.Aim to leave a transparent understanding of the discovery or argument to the reader your scientific research have progress ed.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts logical and submit a piece of writing in which all vital points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the same subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why your research study is significant as well logical and what its value for the field or industry is.Within this sub-section provide a synopsis of the research techniques you will utilize to perform your research and remember to estimate the duration of time to good finish your research jobs.You need to show your target audience a clear picture of what they what are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the mere fact that your target readers are members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point right away. They are looking for a brief preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of check your study in general.Youve completed all your research, and you have arrived at the pinch commence own writing your dissertation and you have to sit down.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.Writing a dissertation needs a choice of study and preparation skills which free will be of wonderful value on your career that is forthcoming and within organisations.Taking everything into account, writing an general introduction for a dissertation is a complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee low pay so much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Attempt to limit your acknowledgement dissertation to a page.