Cooperative Learning Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cooperative Learning - Research Proposal Example This may be due to the fact of clashing personalities and possession of strong ideas that may be hard to reconcile with others. In this regard, cooperation is hailed as a fundamental concern, not only of the educators but also in both local and global organization perspectives (Slavin, R. et al., 1985) The purpose of this paper is to present and exemplify some possible solutions that address to the emerging problem in the aspect of cooperation, as well as to cite possible ways in order to enhance the so-called cooperative learning among members of a team, group, an organization, or the stakeholders in general. "We are intelligent, but an intelligent human alone in the forest would not survive for long" (Slavin, 1985, p. 5). This quoted line from Robert E. Slavin (1985) exemplified the essence of cooperation with other individuals living in the society. In this manner, there must be a need to develop one's skills to cooperate and socialize with other human beings. Nevertheless, conflicts are also inevitable in due course of human group interaction. This may be due to the individual characteristics that could affect group interaction.

Charities Essay Example for Free

Charities Essay The legal definition of charity has historically been somewhat elusive and stands distinct from any understanding of charity in a general or popular sense. As Lord Wright observed, in its legal sense the word â€Å"charitable is a word of art, of precise and technical meaning†[1]. Viscount Simmonds further remarked that, â€Å"no comprehensive definition of legal charity has been given either by legislature or in judicial utterance, there is no limit to the number and diversity of ways in which man will seek to benefit his fellow men†. The Preamble to the Charitable Uses Act 1601, also referred to as the Statute of Elizabeth I, contained a list of purposes which were then regarded as charitable. It assumed a central role for the courts as a reference point or catalogue of accepted instances of charity until almost 300 years later when Lord MacNaughten in the Pemsel case, famously classified charitable objects into four principal divisions: (i) trusts for the relief of poverty, (ii) trusts for the advancement of education, (iii) trusts for the advancement of religion, (iv) trusts beneficial to the community not falling under any of the preceding heads. These four heads of charity were used as reference whenever the inherent charitable nature of a purpose or institution was questioned until the Charities Act 2006 received royal assent. Section 2(2) of the 2006 Act now provides a modern statutory definition of charity by listing 13 descriptions of purposes deemed charitable at law. In order to be charitable, an organisation has to be established for one or more purposes within the descriptions recognised by the law as capable of being charitable, and for the public benefit. Charity law in England and Wales has developed within the context of the traditional monotheistic religions but it has embraced for many years religions other than Christianity and Judaism. In Bowman[3], Lord Parker effectively held that it was not just the promotion of Christianity that would be recognised but that the Courts of this country were not precluded â€Å"from giving effect to trusts for the purposes of religions which, however sacred they may be to millions of His Majestys subjects, either deny the truth of Christianity or, at any rate, do not accept some of its fundamental doctrines†. Furthermore in the Commission’s Scientology[4] decision it was firmly established that â€Å"The law does not prefer one religion to another and as between religions the law stands neutral†[5]. The English courts have, for a long time, resisted closely defining what makes some belief systems religious and others not. However in the Scientology case, the Commissioners accepted that there are various characteristics of religion which can be discerned from the legal authorities: †¢ Belief in a god or a deity or supreme being – R v Registrar General[6] †¢ Two of the essential attributes of religion are faith and worship: faith in a god and worship of that god South Place Ethical Society[7] †¢ To advance religion means â€Å"to promote it, to spread the message ever wider among mankind; to take some positive steps to sustain and increase religious belief and these things are done in a variety of ways which may be comprehensively described as pastoral and missionary†. United Grand Lodge v Holborn BC[8]. Having considered these characteristics, the Commissioners concluded that the definition of a religion in English charity law was characterised by a belief in a supreme being and an expression of that belief through worship. This definition is further refined in the 2006 Act where s2 (3) a gives a partial definition of the word religion. However, the law does not automatically recognise as a religion everything that may designate itself as a religion and there are some principles to which a purpose must conform if it is to be regarded as within the Charities Act’s description of ‘the advancement of religion’. These general principles are gathered from the common law of England and Wales but also take into account the body of law which has developed concerning the European Convention right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. As a general proposition, for its advancement to be capable of being charitable in this context, a religion should have a certain level of cogency, seriousness, coherence and importance[9]. Also, in order to be charitable for the advancement of religion, the content of any system of faith and worship has to be of a positive nature, impacting beneficially on the community. Sir John Wickens, V-C. in Cocks v Manners[10] observed: â€Å"It is said, in some of the cases, that religious purposes are charitable, but that can only be true as to religious services tending directly or indirectly towards the instruction or the edification of the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hence, to be charitable a religious purpose has to be serious, tend directly or indirectly to the moral and spiritual improvement of the public as well as being for the public benefit. In Holmes v Attorney General[11] Walton J commented: â€Å"†¦ It is not for the benefit of the adherents of the religion themselves that the law confers charitable status, it is in the interests of the public. † Hence, as a general proposition, in the case of charities for the advancement of religion the purpose must not simply be for the benefit of the followers of the particular religion. Formerly, the proposition stated that â€Å"as between different religions the law stands neutral, but it assumes that any religion is at least likely to be better than none†[12]. Plowman J in Re Watson[13] considered a case for the publication and distribution of the fundamentalist Christian writings of an individual where he quoted authority that the court does not prefer one religion or sect to another and said that where the purposes in question are of a religious nature then the court assumes a public benefit unless the contrary is shown†. He then went on to say that the only way of disproving a public benefit is to show that the doctrines inculcated are adverse to the very foundations of all religion, and that they are subversive of all morality. However, that part of the judgment being inconsistent with the judgment of the court of appeal and opinions given by the House of Lords in Gilmour v Coats, where it was held: â€Å"†¦the question whether a trust is beneficial to the public is an entirely different one from the question whether a trust is for the advancement of religion†, it is not regarded a binding. Since the Charities Act 2006, there is no longer any presumption that, because a purpose falls within the description â€Å"the advancement of religion†, it is for the public benefit. Section 3(2) of the Act provides: â€Å"In determining whether [the public benefit] requirement is satisfied in relation to any †¦purpose, it is not to be presumed that a purpose of a particular description is for the public benefit†. Hence, with the removal of the presumption and in the modern context the proposition may now be interpreted as meaning that advancing religion can be seen as a public good if such advancement can be demonstrated to be in relation to a system having a benign and positive content which is being advanced for the benefit of the public. Over the years, there are some purposes which, despite being beneficial and religious and indeed seriously religious, did not fall within the legal framework. For example, fostering private piety, although being a religious activity, is not a charitable purpose due to the absence of benefit to the public. In Cocks v Manners[14] (supra) it was said that â€Å"a voluntary association of women for the purpose of working out their own salvation by religious exercises and self-denial seems to have none of the requisites of a charitable institution. † In the Re Joy[15] case it was held that the real object contemplated by the testator was the non-charitable purpose of improvement of the membership of a society by prayer. Further, in Re White[16], it was held that â€Å"a society for the promotion of private prayer and devotions by its own members and which has no wider scope, no public element, and no purpose of general utility would not be charitable†. Lord Simonds in the Gilmour[17] case later confirmed the decision in Cocks v Manners and said that activities â€Å"good in themselves but solely designed to benefit individuals associated for the purpose of securing that benefit, which may not have some repercussions or consequential effects beneficial to some section of the general community† do not meet the prerequisites of a charitable institution. In Re Warre’s Will Trusts, on the matter of a retreat house, Harman J said: â€Å"Activities which do not in any way affect the public or any section of it are not charitable. Pious contemplation and prayer are, no doubt, good for the soul, and may be of benefit by some intercessory process, of which the law takes no notice, but they are not charitable activities. † Thus, in Re Hetherington[18] it was held that the celebration of a religious rite in private does not contain the necessary element of public benefit since any benefit of prayer or example is incapable of proof in the legal sense and any element of spiritual or moral improvement (edification) is limited to a private not public class of those present at the celebration. However, in the same case it was also held that the holding of a religious service which is open to the public is capable of conferring a â€Å"sufficient public benefit because of the edifying and improving effect of such celebration on the members of the public who attend. † There are also other purposes related to religion whose pursuits have not been considered as charitable because the purpose itself is not exclusively charitable. For example a trust ‘for Roman Catholic purposes’ may not be for exclusively charitable purposes furthering the Roman Catholic faith[19]. Also a gift to an Anglican vicar of a parish â€Å"for parochial institutions or purpose†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢[20] was not considered charitable. A bequest to an archbishop to be applied â€Å"in any manner he might think best for helping to carry on the work of the Church in Wales†[21] is not charitable either and neither is a generally stated purpose â€Å"for religious, educational and other parochial requirements†[22]. On the other hand, In Re Schoales[23], it was clarified that there is no distinction, from the point of view of validity as a gift for charitable purposes, between a gift to the Church of England and a gift to another Church. A gift for the general purposes of a particular church or denomination or faith community falls are considered in law as a gift which has to be applied only for such of its purposes as are for the advancement of religion for the public benefit, and hence charitable. As mentioned above, charitable purposes require some promotion or advancement that is to â€Å"spread its message ever wider among mankind; to take some positive steps to sustain and increase religious belief†[24]. Proselytising is one way of advancing religious purposes[25] but it may raise public benefit issues if it breaks the law or results in harm or detriment. Therefore, it would not be compatible with public benefit principles for an organisation to seek to inhibit anyone from their rights of freedom of thought, conscience or religion (Article 9 ECHR) and to manifest or change such beliefs. This matter was considered in Kokkinakis v Greece[26] and the court in considering attempts to forbid activities of a Jehovah’s Witness confirmed that a democratic society has a plurality of beliefs and held that freedom to manifest one’s religion includes the right to convince one’s neighbor. But, the court drew a clear distinction between bearing Christian witness and improper proselytism by stating that the former was true evangelism and the latter representing a corruption or deformation of it. Furthermore, proselytising being unlawful in some countries, the Commission dealt with the issue of whether it was possible to recognise a religious purpose as charitable in England and Wales which is not charitable and may be illegal abroad in its annual report in 1993 which mentioned: â€Å"One should first consider whether they would be regarded as charities if their operations are confined to the United Kingdom. If they would, then they should be presumed also to be charitable even though operating abroad unless it would be contrary to public policy to recognise them. Hence, an organisation whose purpose is to proselytize, even if its activity is carried out internationally, may be charitable in England and Wales unless it causes harm or detriment which outweighs the public benefit. The High Court considered the statement in the Sonsino case[27] in 2002 and upheld it. However, it still remains unclear as to what the courts would rule contrary to public policy. Another way of advancing a religion would be by means of undertaking pastoral work. However, where a charity is operating solely for the purpose of advancement of religion, then any secular pastoral work which it undertakes should be as a means of advancing the particular religion. A convent in Cocks v Manners[28] was held charitable and there the nuns were engaged in exterior works (teaching the ignorant and nursing the sick) as part of their religious work. In the United Grand Lodge[29] case, Donovan J said that taking positive steps to sustain and increase religious beliefs was something done â€Å"in a variety of ways which can be comprehensively described as pastoral and missionary†. More recently, the Pilsdon Community House, a religious community living according to Christian principles and giving practical help in cases of drug addiction, drink, having been in prison or loneliness was considered in Re Banfield[30]. The court held that the fact that a religious community makes its services available to those of all creeds and of none does not prevent it being a charity for the advancement of religion also that furthering the purposes of the community amounted to the advancement of religion.

Conflict in the Twilight :: history

Conflict in the Twilight When has war ever been fair, just or necessary? Yet, we all wage wars. In my opinion all wars are a result of the breakdown of the rules of society which leads to the polarization of sensibility and reason. The root cause of the problem is usually trivial compared to the consequential disaster. No reason can warrant the taking of precious innocent lives; yet wars take place despite the wisdom and the best efforts of the human race, almost as if they are preordained. I don’t believe they are preordained, but they are certainly bred. As we are taught right from wrong each one of us builds an ideology based on teachings and experiences. This ideology, which is ideally meant to make one a better human being, becomes the reason for conflict when one is rigid and applies one’s standards onto others. As soon as the first bullet is fired both sides are on a roller coaster and they live off a mixture of ego, righteousness, comradeship, strategies, victories, setbacks and revenge. The situation grows to obsession and desperation and soon the gloves are off - the nastier the better. During WW II the British were fighting the war as gentlemen but British parliamentarian, Mr. R. T. Bower, said, â€Å"when you are fighting for your life against a ruthless opponent you cannot be governed by Queensberry rules†- the code that governs boxing. Speaking about the government policy of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain he is claimed to have said â€Å"The government would rather lose the war under Queensberry rules than do anything unbecoming to an absolutely perfect gentleman†. â€Å"That kind of thing will not do† he said. Soon after Winston Churchill took over as Prime Minister the policy changed and covert operations were executed to set Europe ablaze by sabotage, assassinations and a host of other irregular warfare. It has happened in every war and on every side. In the twilight the right and the wrong look similar, such are the times that we live in. The ‘A’ bomb was invented and immediately used. It may have brought an end to the war but the Japanese people have yet to recover from the psychological trauma of the event. They shun violence and their constitution forbids them to send their troops out of Japan, not even for the United Nations, except, recently, as peace keepers. Their constitution was written for them by the Americans after the war but even after all these years of economic development, which has made them an economic super power, they are not willing to change that provision in their constitution.

Jig’s Decision in Ernest Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants” Essay

Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† presents what is seemingly a pointless conversation between a man and a woman as they look at the hills in Spain which the woman considers to present the image of white elephants trailing each other across the valley. Although the main topic of their conversation is not explicitly mentioned in their conversation, it seems as if the man is encouraging the woman to commit an abortion. The story begins with a description of the place where both individuals are having their conversation. It states, â€Å"The hills across the valley of Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun† (Hemingway, 2001, p. 563). The importance of the hills to the narrative is made evident in the later part of the text as the woman mentions that â€Å"the hills are like elephants† and the man considers it to be a good comparison (Hemingway, 2001, p. 563). Later on the woman repeats the same line however it was placed in a different context as she states, â€Å"If do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you’ll like it? † (Hemingway, 2001, p. 563). In this context, the woman is questioning whether their relationship will still be the same given that she is hesitant about committing abortion and the man is continuously trying to persuade her to commit it. The significance of Jig’s comparison of the hills to white elephants is thereby evident as Jig weighs the consequences of adhering to the man’s desire to abort their child since a part of Jig knows that if she does abort their child, there is a large possibility that their relationship will end since her feelings for the man will be changed as he was the one who persuaded her to abort their child. The end of their relationship, in this sense, may be seen as a result of the lost of love between the couple since their relationship will be tainted by the knowledge that the man failed to be accountable for his actions which led them to abort their child. Reference Hemingway, E. (2001). Hills Like White Elephants. Rites of Passage: A Thematic Reader. Eds. J. Rae & C. Fraga. Np: Heinle & Heinle.

Maslows Hierarchy of needs Essay

I am basing my Theory and Application on both Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Locke’s Goal Setting Theory. Theory and Application Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs was first published by psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 article, â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation â€Å". Abraham Maslow believed that that as humans strive to meet our most basic needs, we also seek to satisfy a higher set of needs. Maslow presented these needs in a hierarchy that consisted of the following: 1. Physiological/bodily needs. 2. Safety needs. 3. Love/belonging needs. 4. Self-esteem. 5. Self-actualization. I am going to describe each level in the hierarchy of needs and evaluate them in terms of evidence that shows that they work and that they are useful for managers in understanding how they might motivate their staff. The example I am using is Understanding and motivating health care employees: integrating Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, training and technology by Suzanne G. Benson PhD and Stephen P. Dundis JD, PhD. With all the challenges facing the health sector, there was a need to understand how the managers could motivate the staff. This was becoming increasingly concerning and this is where Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs proved useful. Maslow created a pyramid split into 5 levels, each containing one of the 5 needs. Level 1 Physiological needs: Physiological needs are the basic survival needs such as oxygen, food, water, shelter etc. Unless these basic needs are fulfilled, the individual will be unable to move to the next level, as these are these needs are needed for survival. In work terms, these basic needs would be wages. If an employee is being paid fairly he/she will be happy to move to the next level of the hierarchy. If not, they will be thinking about why they aren’t being paid fairly and the next levels won’t be in their mind. Level 2 Safety Needs: When physiological needs are fulfilled, safety needs come into consideration. This involves not only a safe working environment but mental safety. In this case training has a big influence because workers see training as a way of being safe. Managers must make employees realise that with new technology brings change. Employees feel that they are under pressure with the new technology leading to advancements in computers. They feel they are inadequately trained and this is where managers must spend resources, time and money on training. Level 3 Love/ Belonging Needs: Maslow states that people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation and managers must understand this to ensure employee involvement, production and motivation, etc. With the new technology in healthcare, brings in the new ‘virtual teaming’. Some employees might feel a lack of social presence that face to face contact has. Managers must know this and that the opportunities to participate in new and different work groups can definitely expand an employee’s belongingness. Level 4 Self-Esteem: Self-esteem in a workplace is usually based on an employee’s successful performance appraisals, which helps employee’s feel valued and respected within an organisation. This boosts self-esteem. In the case of the healthcare problem, there was an issue with the technology because employees where not known by name anyone but by numbers. When employees are not being interacted with personally by managers and other group members they feel insulted and meaningless. Managers must take this into consideration. Level 5 Self-Actualisation: The need for self-actualisation is only relevant when all needs below Self-Actualisation are fulfilled. It is the need for an employee to do what he/she feels they are meant to do. In the healthcare training, an employee should be exposed to learning that affects every single part of his/her life. The new technology offers this training but a person must be shown the right path towards the correct training in order for it to become meaningful. Managers play a role in doing this. Locke’s Goal Setting Theory Dr Edwin Locke found from research that specific and difficult goals led to  better performance than easy goals. Easy goals are not a motivating force whereas if a goal is hard, you feel more accomplished after completing it. The harder the goal, the greater the effort. This helps motivate employees because they will grow in confidence once they complete a difficult task. Goals help push employees to goal-relevant actions rather than concentrating on irrelevant matters. I believe that this is true and to motivate goals must have: 1. Clarity. 2. Challenge. 3. Commitment. 4. Feedback. 5. Task complexity. Clarity When goals are clear and specific there is less chance that there will be a misunderstanding. Managers should make goals measurable with a definitive time set for completion, and this will in turn leave the task/goal a lot more precise. If an employee is set a clear objective he/she is then motivated towards one thing. If the goal is unclear employees will be less motivated. The goal should be Smart, Measureable and Time-bound (SMART acronym). Challenge Usually employees feel that if a goal is very challenging and they complete it, then the manager will be impressed. This motivates an employee because they will feel accomplished and important to the company. Rewards may also boost motivation because with greater challenges comes greater rewards, so therefore managers must give employees challenging but realistic goals in order to motivate their staff. Challenges must be realistic because employees will feel demotivated if they are unable to complete the challenge. The goal should be Achievable (SMART Acronym). Commitment Goals can be agreed upon between managers and employees. This gives the employee a sense of involvement and they are more likely to be committed to a goal if they have been involved in creating the goal and making decisions. Goals should be consistent and credible in order for the commitment to be there. If a goal is difficult it will require a lot more commitment compared  to and easy goal therefore employees will be motivated to get the goal completed. Agreed goals will lead to commitment (SMART Acronym). Feedback Employees must get feedback about their goals from their managers in order to clarify expectations and to gain recognition. Goals can be broken down into parts when it is going to take a particularly long time to reach a goal. Feedback can then be given after each part in order to get a task done efficiently. Regular encouragement will motivate employees to reaching a goal. Task Complexity When a goal is very difficult, employees should be given sufficient time to reach the goal. If the employee is stressed out then they will be demotivated. Employees should be given time to practice what is needed to reach the goal. Difficult tasks can frustrate employees and managers have to deal with this by giving them sufficient time and training needed to complete the task. Conclusion: I believe that both Maslow’s and Locke’s theories provide a useful knowledge into how to keep an employee motivated in the workplace. Goal setting is the best theory in my opinion because it is a simple step by step way on how to reach a goal without demotivating your employees. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs shows a manager how to make the employee feel secure, needed and appreciated in the workplace whilst also keeping them motivated to strive towards self-actualisation. Reflection and Application The theory that best explains my motivation to perform in DCU is the Goal Setting Theory. I feel this best describes my motivation to perform because I always set out goals in life, whether they are small goals or big goals. For example one of my goals in DCU is to finish with a Masters in Engineering after 5 years. This is a big goal and it requires a lot of motivation and time. My main goal at the moment is to pass all of my modules in my course. To do this my goal must have the 5 following steps: 1. Clarity. 2. Challenge. 3. Commitment. 4. Feedback. 5. Task complexity. In order to reach my goal I must evaluate the goal using these 5 steps. Clarity My goal is clear and measurable and has a specific date for completion. Moodle plays a vital part in reaching the goal as it assists me in my studies and help me keep track of my time limits for each task. I am motivated towards my goal of passing all my modules because I know what each module consists of. Challenge I am motivated towards finishing the first year of my course and passing each module because my course is difficult. When I finish my course I will feel accomplished in what I have done. I also know that if I do well, it will be well received at home because they also know that it is a difficult course. I see this as a reward because if the course was easy I would not be as motivated to do well. Commitment Getting involved in setting out goals also gets me motivated. It makes me feel more committed because I know I have to reach the goal because I helped set it. Although this isn’t the case in most of my modules, it is in one, that is Technical Drawing. I have to set the time for our project to be finished and this adds added pressure which helps motivate me. Feedback Feedback plays a massive role in motivating me to reach my goals. When I am told I am doing something correctly and that my work of a high standard, it motivates me because I know I am slowly reaching my goal. Feedback gives me an insight into how to do things correctly if I am doing them wrong, which is very useful when you don’t know if you are doing something correctly. It can also help me gain recognition. Task Complexity If the work load is too much or difficult for me, I usually need more time at the task in order to reach a goal. If this is the case I usually give up my spare time in order to work on the more complex and difficult parts of my  course. If I am under too much pressure I will be demotivated so this is why I carry out the goal setting theory in order to keep motivated and to ensure that I reach my goals. References www.mindtools.com http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/nurs/379/960/module%209%20delegation%20perf%20appr/Benson%20unders%20and%20motiv.pdf http://home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/642/Articles%20syllabus/Locke%20et%20al%20New%20dir%20goal%20setting%2006.pdf

Recycling programs in NYC essays

Recycling programs in NYC essays Everyday millions of tons of trash gets dumped into Americas landfills. But soon those landfills will be full and we wont have anywhere to store our waste. Even our very own, Fresh Kills landfill has been closed. Now NYC garbage is shipped upstate New York and other states like Ohio and North Carolina. To reduce the amount of waste needed to be carted off, we must recycle what we can. New York City schools are not recycling their garbage, even though they have been mandated to do so. About 24,000 tons of waste is produced each day by New Yorkers and 60% of it goes to landfills, the rest is burned producing harmful pollution. To alleviate this problem, the waste budget has been increased by $400 million each year so that garbage can be shipped out of the city. Material such as fabrics, wood, rubber, and Styrofoam are non-recyclable so people should avoid using them as much as possible. New Yorkers recycles 20% of its waste, which is the national average but foreign countries such as Japan recycle up to 50% of their waste. Recycling in New York City public schools has been a real problem. This is especially true in our very own Brookyn Technical High School. In Tech, an estimated 50% to 80% of the waste that is produced can be recycled. In general, every household in America has the ability to recycle as much as Tech could which is up to 80% of there waste products. The problem of garbage can be solved if everyone would recycle all waste papers and recyclable plastics. Brooklyn Tech has to take on the problem of recycling very seriously. As of now all New York City Schools are under a mandate to recycle. Daily fines are issued to public schools, if they do not comply with the recycling initiative. Being the largest school in New York City, Tech should set an example by fully supporting the recycling program. By not recycling, it is only hurting the students more because funds are used to pay fines instead scho...

J. Hector St. John Crevecoeurs Letters From and American Fa essays

J. Hector St. John Crevecoeurs Letters From and American Fa essays During the 1700s, people from many different countries began to swarm to America, causing societies to form and new ideas and opportunities to come about. In The Autobiography of Ben Franklin and John Crevecoeurs Letters From an American Farmer, different ideas of American ideals are expressed. Both men discuss what they believed the duties and traits of an American citizen were, along with their views of religion and government in America. Although Ben Franklin and John Crevecoeur had different opinions about many issues, they had many similar ideas of how anyone could become prosperous in America. Ben Franklin had a strong belief that a respectable American was always open for self improvement. He believed that education was very important, and that it was sufficient to be self taught. Franklin felt that the most important aspect of education was being literate. He felt that if a person knew how to read, they could be self taught and they could defend their liberties and rights which would open many doors to success. Franklin stood behind a set of thirteen virtues that he formulated for himself and for anyone else who wanted to follow in his footsteps. He believed that if one could accomplish these virtues of temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity, and humility, they would be lead to moral perfection. However, he acknowledged that no one could be perfect, and therefore an honest attempt at living by these virtues was what made an idealistic American. John Crevecoeur also believed in a good, solid, independent personality, however he defined Americans as free and able to live their life the way they preferred. He focused a lot on how America was full of opportunity where people could practice equality, unlike Europe where there were solely Lords with tenants and servants. He felt that people tended to group themselves i...

Light a Candle with Smoke (Flame Science Trick)

Light a Candle with Smoke (Flame Science Trick) You know you can light a candle with another candle, but if you blow one of them out, did you know you can relight it from a distance? In this trick, youll blow out a candle and relight it by causing flame to travel along a path of smoke. How to Do the Traveling Flame Trick Light a candle. Have a second source of flame ready, such as another candle, a lighter, or a match.Blow out the candle and immediately place the other flame into the smoke.The flame will travel down the smoke and relight your candle. Tips for Success If you have trouble lighting the smoke, try moving your flame closer to the wick because thats where the concentration of vaporized wax is highest. Another tip is to make sure the air is still around the candle. Again, this is so you maximize the amount of wax vapor around the wick and have a clear smoke trail to follow. How the Traveling Flame Trick Works This fire trick is based on how candles work. When you light a candle, the heat from the flame vaporizes the candle wax. When you blow the candle out, vaporized wax briefly remains in the air. If you apply a heat source quickly enough, you can ignite the wax and use that reaction to relight the wick of the candle. Although it looks like youre lighting the candle with smoke, its really just the wax vapor that ignites. Soot and other debris from the flame isnt ignited. You can watch a YouTube video of this project to see a candle relight itself, but its even more fun to try it yourself. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

The Ideal Person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ideal Person - Essay Example An ideal person is truthful to others and is honest in his deeds. He never fails or gives up his efforts of self-cultivation. He gives little importance to earthly gains. In The Analects of Confucius, translated by Charles Muller, Confucius states that, â€Å"The Gentleman has nothing to compete for. But if he must compete, he does it in an archery match, wherein he ascends to his position, bowing in deference. Descending, he drinks the ritual cup. This is the competition of the Gentleman† (as cited in Muller, 2010, 3:7). So, we see that a true Confucius gentleman does not waste his time in planning for worldly gains like prizes, awards, and property; rather, he is a man of standards thinking high above the earthly possessions. He is a well-determined person and a good sport in himself. He places morals and virtues above everything else. He stays composed in hard times and is an inspiration for others around him. This makes him an important part of the society. This is the principle according to which an ideal person inculcates in him a sense of modesty and self-control. An ideal person is well-mannered and respects his elders. He acts honorably and is not self-centered. It is good for him to be ambitious but those ambitions should not be achieved through unjust means. Social etiquettes and mannerism matter a lot. According to this principle, a person should develop love for his family and then for the whole society. When parents love their children and vice versa, this strengthens the family bond and the whole society benefits in the

Financial Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Financial Resource Management - Essay Example Headquartered at Hertfordshire, Tesco plc is the grocery market leader of UK with over 30 % of the total market share. The company is also having its presence at Malaysia, Republic of Ireland and at Thailand. With around 2318 stores worldwide Tesco operates in 1878 stores within UK. Tesco was established with the amalgamation of T. E. Stockwell and Cohen with the success of the self-service grocery store and then it started expanding its business from small stores to large supermarkets. At a very fast pace it became a popular name on the mind of the households with the launch of the household goods and apparels. Then Tesco entered into the business of petrol stations selling fuels for competitive prices. With gradual revenue earning the company expanded even bigger with various other sectors like in Banking, Financial products and services (Data monitor, 2004, p.4). With the belief of a sustainable growth and well governed business the investors of the Tesco plc wants competitive ret urns of their investments or shareholdings. Transparency of the company’s operation plays a vital role in gaining the trust of the stakeholders and they expect the implementation of the robust strategies of the firm for a long-term progress. The major share holders of the company are Blackrock Inc who own 5.48% of the issued share capital and few others like Legal & General Investment Management Limited who owns 3.99 % and Berkshire Hathaway with 3.02 % of the total issued share capital of Tesco (Tesco Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011, 2011, p. 58). With the rapid growth of the company the company need to build its brand value by benefiting the stakeholders which includes its customers, staffs and shareholders. Tesco believe in maintaining its sustainable position in the market with quality service and increased customer value. The strong product line and the pillar brand name is the key to the success of the firm which help the company to differentiate itself with the competitors and helps the firm to meet the demand of the growing need of the customers. The gained trust by the company helps to understand the values of the firm by the customers which in turn help the company to diversify into new areas of services. The company is also involved in different benefiting community programs to attract more and more stakeholders being a responsible retailer. Tesco with a very responsible track record for its great values and customer services acts as the catalyst for the growth of the company. The brand building capability of and its increased emotional as well as the functional loyalty from the customers, staffs and shareholders contributed to a great extent for the profitability and the sustainable growth of the firm in the long run. The investments of the shareholders and other peoples provide a lot of support for building the opportunities and develop the brand which in turn allows the company to diversify for the benefits of the stakeholders (Tesco Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011, 2011, p. 40). Managing the stakeholders is one of the vital activities of the company that should be carried out to maintain a strong relation with the customers and other shareholders of the organization. Survey of the market situation and the present position of the firm are required to be carried out by the company for the sustainable growth of the firm. Engagement with the stakeholder helps the firm to identify the risk and opportunities that the firm could face in future.

Benefits and Challenges of implementing Supply Chain Essay

Benefits and Challenges of implementing Supply Chain - Essay Example The present research has identified that supply chain refers to the activities adopted in transforming natural resources and raw materials into final products. This implies that an organization must take into consideration the impact of the supply chain activities on the stakeholders including the consumers, outside visitors, and employees. It is imperative to note that in complex supply chains, products may be re-entered to the process in case the residual values are to be recycled. In order to create the strong positive relationship with their customers, it is essential for firms to adopt social responsibilities that involve maintaining the clean environment, producing safe products and controlling noise among others. As indicated by Greeff and Ghoshal, organizations are responsible for auditing products and the suppliers’ needs. If the supply activities are not directly controlled, managers within the supply chain should ensure that visibility needs are improved. Another po int to note is that suppliers should collaborate with local partners as a way of making the social responsibility in supply chains to be successful. Given the stiff competition in the local and global markets, there is the need for firms to provide quality brands that meet the needs of the consumers. One of the methods of implementing enterprise sustainability concepts according to Diane is by developing a sustainable supply chain. For instance, in its effort to create the strong connection with its stakeholders, Starbucks Corporation has adopted various strategies that touch on social responsibilities. The company mentors and support farmers in Costa Rica and Ethiopia among other countries in order to ensure unique coffee products that meet the needs of the consumers globally. Similarly, Starbucks assists farmers and other stakeholders to improve the quality of their yields and crops as a way of maintaining the high-quality product for the company.

Demography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Demography - Essay Example As people live longer there is bound to be a shift in the structure of the household. For example: working population is the biggest contributor to nation's development and family's economy. The longer the old population lives, the longer the working population will have to support them. When the working population gets older and cannot work anymore, their children, who are now in labor force, will have to support their parents and grand parents by working very hard. The existing Social Security and Medicare benefits may not prove to be sufficient for the older ones because in all likelihood the medical services become more costly for the older people as their requirements of medical attention become more. Well, to a great extent the improved medical services are one good reason for an increase in the average age of an individual. As a result, many households now a day consist of four generations. In many such cases the number of financially dependent family members far exceeds the w orking members. Out of these four generations, the third generation, who are the only ones in labor force, will have to support their parents, grand parents and their children. This phenomenon is certainly the result of increasing aging population with high life expectancy. In order to aid the increasing older

Ancient Part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient Part - Essay Example The western Roman empires started to collapse during this period of time and early modern age had its point of initiation from the end of this era. The phase between 5th and15th centuries is segmented into three phases; early, high and late middle age. After the collapse of the Roman Empire the provinces were under the control of barbarian invaders. Carolingian and East Francian Empires existed in Germany in the early middle ages. These dynasties were taken as the starting point of modern Germany. The institute, administration and regime in the Carolingian empire were in the court of its ruler Charlemagne. The political changes of the empire were made in the capital of Aachen in the province that had an extensive impact in the economy of German in the later ages. Historians often suspect the depth of emperor’s authority and rule. Monarchy was the system of rule when the central power and authority was in the hands of the emperor. This rule was known as Bannan; it was the right of law and charge that the emperor had over his territory (Caviness 49). The various rules of law were introduced by the king and he had complete judicial control over his provinces. The army or the defence of the province was also led by the ruler. It was the responsibility of the king to look after the underprivileged people and protect the church. People in the province were bound to be loyal to the king. The main objectives of the ruler were to systematize the sovereignty, church and cordiality around him. At the end of every norm the efficacy of the king was directly proportional to the effectiveness, support and trustworthiness of his subjects. There was an inbuilt body known as the Royal household who made sure that proper supervision was held in the localities. The count of the palace looked into the activities of the royal household. The priestly affairs of the kingdom were under the supervision of the chaplains, they had great power and importance over the people of the p rovince. Coinage had a strong association with the Roman Empire, after the collapse of Roman administration Charlemagne took control over the coinage system with its own regulations (Bruce 67). The Carolingians exercised control over the silver coinage of the dominion by domineering its concerto and standards. The name of the king, but not its minter appeared on the silver coins. The existence of silver coins showed that the economy was rich with resources. The king concealed the mints in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea and thus kept a secret reserve of wealth hidden from rest of the world. The brief analysis of the state of affairs long back in Germany reveals that before industrial revolution the common people had no freedom over their own decisions (Duby 87). The representative of the God was the chaplains, and the representative of the chaplains was the king. The common folk had no authority over their own political, economic and social activities. The sovereignty of the peop le was completely under the control of the king. Catering to the above factors Germany before 1800 was a heavily rural nation. There were only a few urban trade centres across the domestic borders of Germany. A business treaty of trading cities with their gilts existed in the trading centres of Germany. The farmers lived in the villages

Demography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Demography - Essay Example As people live longer there is bound to be a shift in the structure of the household. For example: working population is the biggest contributor to nation's development and family's economy. The longer the old population lives, the longer the working population will have to support them. When the working population gets older and cannot work anymore, their children, who are now in labor force, will have to support their parents and grand parents by working very hard. The existing Social Security and Medicare benefits may not prove to be sufficient for the older ones because in all likelihood the medical services become more costly for the older people as their requirements of medical attention become more. Well, to a great extent the improved medical services are one good reason for an increase in the average age of an individual. As a result, many households now a day consist of four generations. In many such cases the number of financially dependent family members far exceeds the w orking members. Out of these four generations, the third generation, who are the only ones in labor force, will have to support their parents, grand parents and their children. This phenomenon is certainly the result of increasing aging population with high life expectancy. In order to aid the increasing older

HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

HW - Assignment Example This idea is applicable to both work and residential places where people do not interact more often due to various reasons. People need diversity because it promotes social integration and the development of a strong bond in work or living places. Another idea that I would implement to improve the way I work or live is to observe the rules imposed by authorities. Being a law abiding citizen or worker enables one to concentrate on valuable activities that reduce imprisonment or suspensions from work. This implies that people should always follow the rules do not waste time in the courts or facing disciplinary committees, but concentrate on their activities. Encouraging colleagues and neighbors to observe rules helps in achieving objectives and promoting unity. This is because individuals are free to consult and share ideas in areas that require teamwork and offers a wider perspective of approaching issues. I believe introducing community projects for cultural appreciation and observing regulations are significant ideas that can improve the ways a person lives or works alongside

Environmental Scan Essay Example for Free

Environmental Scan Essay INTRODUCTION This paper will depict research of the internal and external environments of Target Corporation and Cessna Aviation Company through environmental scanning. By performing a SWOT Analysis, a resolution of the competitive advantages will be made of both companies and the strategies that they are using. The environmental scan of these organizations will include information on how each one creates value and sustainability of competitive advantages through the use of business strategy. The paper will explain the measurement guidelines that the organizations use to verify their strategic effectiveness. The paper will also explain just how effective each companys use of their measurement guidelines is. TARGET Target Corporation is the second most successful retailing company in the United States. While the company offers services in the credit card segment, its retail segment is probably the most recognizable one. Below is an S (strengths), W (weaknesses), O (opportunities) and T (threat) analysis of the company (Mbaskool, 2014) (Mbaskool, 2014) Target Corporation is easily recognized by its famous red and white logo. Since its foundation in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1902, it operates now in every state with the exception of Vermont. Unlike Wal-Mart, the company was slow expanding over the United States borders. On March 04, 2009, Target broke the trend and started to venture internationally. Financially, the company is strong and is now listed as the 36th company on the 2014 Fortune 500 report (Fortune 500, 2014). Strangely, the store is considered by many to be a boring store, for it does not play music in its  stores. Meanwhile, the company has experienced difficulties preventing criminal activities such as theft on its properties. Target faces stiff competition from Wal-Mart and K-mart. A couple of allegations are threatening the reputation of the company and the products that it sells. Government regulations are targeting sales of materials containing polyvinyl Chloride. Also, in 2009, the company was slapped with a lawsuit from the 20 California District Attorneys for illegal waste dumping. The company has long been known for its high-price products. However, it achieved competitive advantage through differentiation in innovation. Target has been able to offer products with unique characteristics. Customers justify the high price with the quality and differentiation associated with the products. CESSNA AIRCRAFT COMPANY For eighty years, Cessna Aircraft Company has become a pioneer in the aviation industry. Currently Cessna is a subsidiary of Textron, which acquired Cessna in 1992. The focus is Cessna growing to become the largest aircraft manufacture developing more aircraft in the air than any competitor. The start of Cessna began with Clyde Cessna developing the desire to fly in 1911. Cessna began operation as the founder in 1927 building the Cessna A-series. Innovation fueled Clyde Cessna to continue to develop and remain aggressive in manufacturing aircraft until retiring in 1936. The obstacles Clyde set forth to overcome were many and through the process many resources became allies through the further development of powered aircraft (Cessna, About, 2012). Through the start of manufacturing Clyde Cessna had a main strength to enter the aviation field, which is the desire to fly. The other strengths that Clyde had through his start were the ability of operating a farm and car lot. Mechanically inclined from the working on motors of the farm equipment and vehicles gave Clyde further development to chase the aviation dream. Innovation to design a better airplane Clyde spent his life savings to obtain a copy of a Queen Aero plane Company design of the Bleriot XI fuselage. The Cessna family in 1916 began to resource with Walter Beech (Beech craft), Lloyd Stearman (Boeing), and others (Cessna, News Releases, 2011). INTERNAL Thorough the interaction of establishing valuable resources Clyde could overcome the weaknesses of psychological criticism from others. Even though Clyde was fascinated with the aviation industry starting, Clyde continued to design the monoplane until he accomplished successful manufacturing of an aircraft of mechanical power. By the time Clyde was stepping down from the company, he had brought the first seaplane into operation. The constant innovation kept the company from many weaknesses and boosted Cessna into the industry. EXTERNAL Cessna found many opportunities innovating in the aviation industry, paving the way into the future of the Cessna Company. Through the struggles of becoming an establishment in aviation Cessna became more knowledgeable with the social, technological, economic, and environmental aspects of the business. Understanding and growing the opportunities within the aviation industry brought much success.   The success of Cessna became a threat in its own because the aviation was just starting out. Competition from other resources in the industry would guide Cessna toward documentation of the many innovative ideas set in the company. The alliances with different organizations also indeed gave Cessna the opportunities to advance competitively. One example of an alliance is the current parent company Textron who started out as an external alliance and is currently a major factor in the internal operations of Cessna. Through the alliances Cessna has grown into a company known for first class bu siness travel for others that buy and invest in Cessna. CONCLUSION In conclusion, an environmental scan benefits an organization by pointing out their competitive advantages, disadvantages, and how they are measured. Performing a simple SWOT analysis helps determine their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to improve the sustainability of the organization. The information that it provides helps determine future business strategy. It can show how it is measured and how effectively it is working for the company. Both companies mentioned in this paper are doing well with their current business strategy, but environmental scanning is something that should be done periodically in order to maintain their success. The text states that A strategist can analyze any industry by rating each competitive force as high, medium, or low in strength. (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). Many companies used these tools to verify its strategic  effectiveness. Rapidly changing external environment requires that upper management not only make quick decisions but also educated ones based on concrete data. Environmental scanning is an integral part of any successful strategic planning. This paper shows the different measurement guidelines at the disposition of the company to verify strategy effectiveness. References Carpenter, M. A., Sanders, W. G. (2009). Strategic management: A dynamic perspective concepts and cases (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Cessna (2011). News Releases. Retrieved from http://www.cessna.com/NewReleases/New/NewReleaseNum-1192344130761.html Cessna (2012). About Cessna. Retrieved from http://www.cessna.com/ Fortune (2014). Fortune 500 2014. Retrieved from: http://fortune.com/fortune500/unitedhealth-group-incorporated-14/ Mbaskool (2104). SWOT Analysis of Target Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.mbaskool.com/brandguide/lifestyle-and-retail/4911-target-corporation.html Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, D. (2010). _Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy: Achieving Sustainability_ (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Understanding J. Alfred Prufrock and Nick Adams

Understanding J. Alfred Prufrock and Nick Adams Understanding J. Alfred Prufrock and Nick Adams: Emotional Modern Men Comparing and contrasting two persons demand specific criteria whether they exhibit differences or similarities. J. Alfred Prufrock and Nick Adams at such views, for example, hold equal cataclysms. Their everyday lives in which they suffer from their emotional insufficiencies tend to persuade them to overcome their distinctive miseries. Adams who suffers from errors and psychological mayhem, for instance, perceives various unrehearsed things. Like Adams, Prufrock also undergoes shortfalls as a male individual and carries such psychological burden until the end of his life. Both men suffer at their emotional level and acquire some discernible conflicts that display their anxieties. Although both men struggle against their individual problems, they divulge certain circumstances that shape out their unique conflicts otherwise. Based on the chosen readings, Alfred Prufrock does not have an in-depth grasp about his life. His uninteresting and dreary views about life seems dismal that he dwells on miseries at any points of his life. His dull facial expressions and gestures make him appear insipid, unadorned, middle-aged individual. The poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot supports this detail and describes Prufrock himself as struggling who lingers on ways to battle against his lack of confidence. He fears making decisions, which influence him to live in a simple life. In fact, the lines 58 through 61 of the poem illustrate the readers such understanding When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall, then how should I begin, to spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways? And how should I presume? (Lines 58-61). It appears recognizable that from these poetic lines Prufrock lacks of determination and courage to display his real character. Based on the poem, Prufrock feels discontented with hi s looks and he fears to be judged. In effect, he is afraid to socialize and approach women. To understand Nick Adams, readers should tell between Adams character and his stressful past by reading Ernest Hemingways Big Two-Hearted River. His disturbing life at war and at his existing moment haunted him much as he suffered from psychological distress. He sought for certainty, which he grew delighted to see the river because for him the river was certain. He believed that the river was definite because it would always be there (Hemingway,). In other words, readers should comprehend that Adams needed the certainty to live unlike his harrowing situations at war. For Adams, his life at war was uncertain whether or not he could survive; that is, he convinced himself that the river would provide him the assurance to live for many years. Hemingway clearly asserted that Adams still suffered from emotional turmoil and that he saw things that haunted him and his life forever. Indeed, the war altered Adams after he had experienced the horrors of his past. The war made Adams a different person and it transformed him. The lines showed how Adams changed him Now, as he watched the black hopper that was nibbling at the wool of his sock with its four way lip, he realized that they had all turned black from living in the burned-over land. He realized that the fire must have come the year before, but the grasshoppers were all black now. He wondered how long they would stay that way (Hemingway). It held one truth that Adams totally changed himself after the war. In the end, readers could not deny such truth because any person who saw dreadful incidents in the war might acquire psychological strains. Furthermore, Adams and Prufrock faced different encounters and horrors in their lives. They contrarily strived to make their lives as they wished to be; however, they could not deny the fact that they felt pain when they continued battling those sufferings. Both demonstrated different angles of hopelessness in the challenge of their lives and experienced a different solitude at every turn. In other words, both characters differed in some respects. Their roles and situations slightly diverged from each other. In The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Prufrock articulated I have measured out my life with coffee spoons (Eliot, Line 51) and wondered how he would make a substantial metamorphosis in the world of his chosen life like the muttering retreats of restless nights (Eliot 130). Even though Prufrock wishes to espouse, he fails to redirect himself because he does not have love. He wanted to wed because other people expect him, which made him become sequestered and singlehanded. For He mingways Big Two-Hearted River, he presented Adamss ideas that the river is a completely real (Adair 144) and that he depicted another thread of circumstance to seclude himself. On the contrary, Eliot conveyed a message similar to Hemingway that life is harsh as it is. Eliots Prufrock lost his hope to achieve his dreams and insights, and so did Hemingways Adams. However, both represent the modern version men in the Twentieth Century. As Adams displays his modernity through searching answers for his personal issues, Prufrock holds his lack of enthusiasm as a modern man by way of self-indulgence and despair. Although Adams and Prufrock both faced horrors in their lives, their differences could be both valid representations of modem men. In the end, Nick and Prufrock are two persons of similar yet contrastive experiences. They are men who bear the emotional burden in their lives. Their emotional responses are timeless because most men still suffer from the same dilemmas and views. Although Nick and Prufrock are bodily present in the world, they psychologically become detached and void of true their emotions as they lack the love to save them from their individual problems. Works Cited Adair, William. Landscapes of the Mind: Big Two-Hearted River. College Literature 4.2 (1977): 144-151. Eliot, Thomas Stearns. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Poetry Foundation 6.3 (1915): 130-135. Hemingway, Ernest. Big Two-Hearted River. Xroads.Virginia.Edu. 1995. Web. 30 Dec. 2016.

The Development of the Ideas Needed to Create an Atomic Bomb Essay

The Development of the Ideas Needed to Create an Atomic Bomb I. Introduction Where did the atomic bomb come from? In this paper, I will look at the development of the ideas needed to create an atomic bomb. Specifically, what did scientists need to know for them to theorize that a cataclysmic explosion would result when a critical mass of certain elements undergo a chain reaction of nuclear fission. However, I will only look at scientific ideas generally, as they progressed towards fission. This development of ideas was propelled by genius, persistence and tenacity, coupled with flashes of insight into the nature of the universe. We see that this development is tied closely to the ability to free the teathers of erroneous paradigms and build better models of the universe in their place. We will be concerned, principally, with the development of physics. Einstein wrote the following on the definition of physics: "What we call physics comprises that group of natural sciences which base their concepts on measurements; and whose concepts and propositions lend themselves to mathematical formulation." (Weaver, 78) Although physics today is more focused, this is the basis of all science. One of the first groups of people to freely think about the universe and make an attempt to explain their world scientifically were the Greeks. II. The Greek Ideology The Greek's investigation of science demonstrate that their minds were on par with the best of this era, specifically Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.), who formed many brilliant theories. He, along with others, put the theories into sophisticated form that created the basis of scientific thought for close to two millennia. In his universe were four "elements": Earth, Water, Air, and Fire. The Earth was the common center of all the solid materials and had a natural place as the center of the universe. If all the solid material sought a location as close to the center as possible, then the Earth had to be a sphere. He had likewise ordered the other "elements" into spheres. Water had its natural place on the surface of the sphere Earth. Air had its natural place on the surface of the sphere Water. Fire had its natural place outside the sphere of Air. Observations corresponded to this view of the universe. However, he performed no experiments. He stated that heavier objects would want to move faster tow... ...tion to the Atomic Age", (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991) Weart, Spencer R., "Nuclear Fear", (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Press, 1988) Weaver, Jefferson Hane, "The World of Physics", Vol 1 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bibliography Asimov, Issac, "The History of Physics", (New York: Walker and Company, 1983) Taylor, John R.; Zafiratos, Chris D.; "Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers", (Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991) Sachs, Mendel, "Einstein Versus Bohr", (La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1988) Segre, Emilio, "From Falling Bodies to Radio Waves", (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1984) Segre, Emilio, "From X-rays to Quarks", (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1980) Stoff, Michael B.; Fanton, Jonathan F.; Willans, R.; "The Manhattan Project: A Documentary Introduction to the Atomic Age", (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991) Weart, Spencer R., "Nuclear Fear", (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Press, 1988) Weaver, Jefferson Hane, "The World of Physics", Vol 1 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987)

Philippines and International Division

Building an organization In 1933, TTC selected Tony Kitchner to start international operations. He asked for the resources and autonomy to create an International Division. 1. The new division needed to be separate from Jollibee’s Philippine side, with a different identity and capabilities. 2. He agreed with TTC that attracting partners with good connections in their markets should be a priority. 3. To project an image of a world-class company and make it to look and act like a multinational, not like a local chain. 4. Kitchner began recruiting experienced internationalists from inside and outside Jollibee.Adding external professionals for marketing, finance, quality control, and product development helped keep innovative ideas churning. Strategic Thrust Tony Kitchner has a definite objective that increase the pace of international expansion with the objective of making Jollibee one of the world’s top ten fast food brands by 2000. Two main themes formulated: 1. Targetin g expats: the hundreds of thousands of expatriate Filipinos working in the Middle East, Hong Kong, Guam, and other Asian territories as a latent market for Jollibee and as a good initial base to support entry.But after opening stores, he found that this market was limited. 2. Planting the flag: the expectation was that by expanding the number of stores, the franchise could build brand awareness which in turn would positively impact sales. The problem is only after achieving a certain level of sales could most franchisees afford the advertising and promotion. The other challenge was that rapid expansion led to resource constraints. I think he entered new markets without proper market. Operational management Market entry: Kitvhner handed responsibility for the opening to one of the division’s Franchise Services Managers(FSM).One responsibility in which a franchisee was deeply involved was the key first store. A design manager in the International Division provided support. Over sight and continuing support As operations stabilized and the store manager started to see patterns in sales and operational needs, FSMs allowed stores to report the same data weekly and provide a monthly summary. If FSM saw a decline in sales and managers could not come up with solutions themselves, FSM should coach them to help them generate answers. This open partnership fit with TTC’s view of franchise relations.But his strategy was not focused. CONTROL is an extremely important issue for success and TK’s division was out of control. International vs. domestic practice After numerous market entry battles, a number of elements of Jollibee’s Philippine business model needed to be modified overseas. They decided that they needed to reposition ourselves to target a more up-market clientele. In particular, they disliked the Philippine store design. So Kitchner developed three new store decors, in changed the red background to orange, and added the slogan.Kitchner and his staff made numerous other changes to Jollibee’s Philippine business operating model. Customizing for local tastes Such changes provoked grumbling from many in the large domestic business, and nothing triggered more controversy than the experiment with menu items. Managers in the international division believed that menus should be adjusted to local preferences. Since other menu items were seldom removed, these additions generally increased the size of menus abroad. It always came at the cost of some operating efficiency and operating control.So R&D staff on the Philippine side objected strenuously. Overall, the international division’s modification of menus and products caused considerable tension with the Philippine side of Jollibee. I think Kichner overemphasized the differences in the overseas markets. He would have been wise to incorporate the Jollibee company philosophy into his division to foster the camaraderie that was sorely lacking. The division that arose between the domestic and the international side demonstrate a lack of communication. And launching the International Division should at a more sedate pace.

Three men in a boat

Harris. did not appear to have much sense of style, however, as evident from the loud blazer he had bought for the trip. did not like spending much thought on trivial matters as he remarked that ‘if anything was broken, it was broken. ‘ last one to offer to do anything that required physical labour. not very quick-witted and depended on the others to lead him. He loved laughing at others but did not enjoy it much when the Joke turned on him. keen to learn to play the Banjo, but he played quite badly and even turned a cheerful song into a mournful tune some knowledge of cooking, as can be seen by the fact that he made a healthy Irish Stew.The narrator, a happy-go-lucky young man like his two friends fond of animals, as seen in his interactions with cats and his dog, Montmorency. hypochondriac, imagining that he had all the imaginable diseases of the world, Just by reading about them. more sensible and practical than the other two and shows a knowledge and appreciation for the historical aspect of the English countryside. Like his friends, he too disliked hard work, and was convinced that he had been labouring the most while the other two lazed about. more romantic and imaginative soul, with his head often in the clouds, as he lost sight of the fact that he was steering time and again, while admiring the scenery. He was the most affected by the beauties of nature. In fact, he had turned down the inn at Datchet initially because it did not have honeysuckle growing over it and hence was not picturesque enough. keenest sense of aesthetics as he constantly critiques his friends' choices of clothing. sense of humour and maintained a steady balance between the diverse personalities of George and Harns .A rather world-weary fox terrier, Montmorency was the narrator's dog. When the narrator had found him, he had thought that he would not survive for too long but Montmorency had proved him wrong by not only surviving, but by turning out to be quite a high-spir ited dog, killing chickens, chasing cats and fghting against other dogs. Montmorency had a tendency to get underfoot and be more ofa general hindrance than ot any help. He disrupts the packing in umpteen ways and gets proceeds to get two other dogs inside the house. ? His nature is marked by curiosity and a desire to help as seen by his attempt to hold the boiling kettle and the contribution of the dead rat respectively. Though he is quick to get into fghts with dogs, he is also quick to fall back when faced with more determined adversaries like cats. Character sketch of Jerome†¦.. a funny man†¦. thinking anything to be a Joke†¦. lives the life the way it takes it to†¦ no practical thinking.. ]ust tries to do everything the way he is asked†¦ has a dog.. he loves food and hates workJerome K.Jerome is like the Victorian Bill Bryson. Three Men in a Boat is not a bad travelogueis thus confused by his symptoms that he refers to a medical book and happens to misco nceive that he possesses virtually each doable ailment recorded in there. Character sketch of George – George was a bank clerk (who ‘goes to sleep at a bank from ten to four each day, except Saturdays, when they wake him up and put him outside at two and was living in a back room of the same house. The landlady suggested that, to save money, the two might share a room.They ‘chummed ‘ together for some years – both shared love of the theatre -and a life-long friendship was formed. George, who remained a bachelor, rose to become manager of Barclays Bank in the Strand and outlived. Character sketch of Harris – Harris is a vain fellow who pretends to be extremely hard working but usually pushes off the burden on other people. he is outspoken and does not hesitate to tell his friends what he thinks about them even if it may not be pleasant. for example he outwardly tells george that his new blazer is utterly revolting and that he must not wear it ar ound them (harris and J). en harris takes on a Job he makes a huge fuss out of it like the narator;s uncle podger. it may not be anything majorly important but if harris is going to do it the world would know about it. he also thinks very highly of himself and his voice though his friends do not want him to even attempt singing. he is extremely fascinated by tombs and graveyards much to J ‘s dislike. he is also quite short tempered and it is best to let him rant off his anger rather than try and talk to him about it. he wouldn t mind a drink at any time of the day and enjoys the company of his friends . Three Men in a Boat Question 2: Answer the following questions briefly. (i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India? (ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate? (iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why? (iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast? (v) What are jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India? (vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by â€Å"break† in monsoon? (vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond? * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————-Discussion * ————————————————- Share (i)  The controls affecting the climate of India are: lat itude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea, ocean currents and relief features. (ii)  The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds. Hence, it has a monsoon type of climate. (iii)  The north-western part of India comprising the Indian Desert experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature. This is because of the fact that sand (found in ample quantity in this region) gains and loses heat very quickly.As a result of this phenomenon, there is a wide difference between day and night temperatures in this region. The day temperature may rise to 50 °C and drop down to near 15 °C the same night. (iv)  The south-west monsoon winds are responsible for rainfall along the Malabar Coast. (v)  Jet streams are a narrow belt of high-altitude winds in the troposphere. The sub-tropical westerly jet stream blowing south of the Himalayas are responsible for the western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the co untry during the winter months.The sub-tropical easterly jet stream blowing over peninsular India is responsible for the tropical cyclones that affect the eastern coastal regions of India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. (vi)  Monsoon refers to the complete reversal of winds over a large area leading to a change of seasons. â€Å"Break† in monsoon refers to the wet and dry spells of the monsoon. In other words, the monsoon rains take place for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. vii)  Despite variations in temperature conditions across India, a sense of unity is imposed by the monsoon. The seasonal alteration of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons that binds the entire country. Question 3: Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India? * ——————————†”—————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- ShareThe amount of rainfall decreases from east to west in Northern India because of the progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds. As the moisture-bearing winds of the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon move further and further inland, they exhaust most of the moisture they carry along with them. This consequently leads to a gradual decrease in the amount of rainfall from east to west. Question 4: Give reasons as to why. (i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent? (ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months. iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall. (iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones. (v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone. * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- Share (i)  The seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent is the result of the Coriolis force. It is an apparent force caused by the Earth's rotation.The Coriolois force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. (ii)  The rainfall received by India is largely due to the south-west monsoon winds. The duration of the mon soon is between 100 to 120 days. Hence, the bulk of rainfall received by the country is  concentrated over a few months. (iii)  During the winter season, north-east trade winds prevail over India. They blow from land to sea and hence, for most part of the country, it is a dry season.However, the Tamil Nadu Coast receives winter rainfall due to these winds. This is because in this region these winds blow from sea to land, thereby carrying moisture along with them. (iv)  The delta region of the eastern coast of India is frequently struck by cyclones. This is because the cyclonic depressions that originate over the Andaman Sea are brought in by the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blowing over peninsular India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. v)  Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone because of the scanty rainfall received by these regions during the monsoon rains. The progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds of the Bay of Bengal branch causes the amount of rainfall to decrease from east to west in northern India. As the leeward side is the rain-shadow area, the regions lying in this region receive very little rain from the Arabian Sea branch. It is the windward side of the Ghats that receives the maximum rain. Climate (Social Science)| Close X   |Exercise  Ã‚  Ã‚ «Prev  Page 40  Next »| | Q5  Q6  Q7  Q8| Question 8: Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India. * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- Share Characteristics of monsoon rainfall in India: (i ) The duration of the monsoon is between 100 to 120 days from early June to mid-September. (ii) Around the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues for several days.This is known as the ‘burst’ of the monsoon. (iii) The monsoon has characteristic wet and dry spells or ‘breaks’ in rainfall. The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. (iv) The moisture is carried by pulsating south westerlies that are affected by different atmospheric conditions, thereby giving monsoon rains an uncertain character. The annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year (v) The rainfall is unevenly distributed across the Indian landscape.Parts of the western coast and north-eastern India receive the maximum rainfall. Regions such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Leh and the leeward side of the Western Ghats receive very little rainfall. Effects of monsoon rainfall in India: (a) Ind ian agriculture is largely dependent upon the water from the monsoon rains. Late, low or excessive rains have a negative impact upon crops. (b) Due to the uneven distribution of rainfall across the country, there are some regions that are drought prone and some that are flood afflicted. c) The monsoon provides India with a distinct climatic pattern. Hence, in spite of the presence of great regional variations, it has a unifying influence upon the country and its people. Question 3: (i) Name two rainiest stations. (ii) Name two driest stations. (iii) Two stations with most equable climate. (iv) Two stations with most extreme climate. (v) Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons. (vi) Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons. vii) Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons (viii) Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons. (ix) Two stations receiving winter showers from t he western disturbances. (x) The two hottest stations in the months of (a) February (b) April (c) May (d) June * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- Share (i)  Two rainiest stations: Shillong and Mumbai (ii)  Two driest stations: Leh and Jodhpur iii)  Two stations with most equable climate: Bangalore and Tiruvanantapuram (iv)  Two stations with most extreme climate: Leh and Jodhpur (v)  Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons: Tiruvanatapuram and Mumbai (vi)  Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons: Shillong and Kolkata (vii)  T wo stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons: Delhi and Kolkata (viii)  Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons: Chennai and Bangalore (ix)  Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances: Jodhpur and Delhi (x)  The two hottest stations  ? (a)  In the month February: Tiruvanatapuram and Chennai (b)  In the month April: Nagpur and Kolkata (c)  In the month of May: Nagpur and Jodhpur (d)  In the month of June: Jodhpur and Delhi Three Men in a Boat Question 2: Answer the following questions briefly. (i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India? (ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate? (iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why? (iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast? (v) What are jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India? (vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by â€Å"break† in monsoon? (vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond? * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————-Discussion * ————————————————- Share (i)  The controls affecting the climate of India are: lat itude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea, ocean currents and relief features. (ii)  The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds. Hence, it has a monsoon type of climate. (iii)  The north-western part of India comprising the Indian Desert experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature. This is because of the fact that sand (found in ample quantity in this region) gains and loses heat very quickly.As a result of this phenomenon, there is a wide difference between day and night temperatures in this region. The day temperature may rise to 50 °C and drop down to near 15 °C the same night. (iv)  The south-west monsoon winds are responsible for rainfall along the Malabar Coast. (v)  Jet streams are a narrow belt of high-altitude winds in the troposphere. The sub-tropical westerly jet stream blowing south of the Himalayas are responsible for the western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the co untry during the winter months.The sub-tropical easterly jet stream blowing over peninsular India is responsible for the tropical cyclones that affect the eastern coastal regions of India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. (vi)  Monsoon refers to the complete reversal of winds over a large area leading to a change of seasons. â€Å"Break† in monsoon refers to the wet and dry spells of the monsoon. In other words, the monsoon rains take place for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. vii)  Despite variations in temperature conditions across India, a sense of unity is imposed by the monsoon. The seasonal alteration of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons that binds the entire country. Question 3: Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India? * ——————————†”—————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- ShareThe amount of rainfall decreases from east to west in Northern India because of the progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds. As the moisture-bearing winds of the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon move further and further inland, they exhaust most of the moisture they carry along with them. This consequently leads to a gradual decrease in the amount of rainfall from east to west. Question 4: Give reasons as to why. (i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent? (ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months. iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall. (iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones. (v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone. * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- Share (i)  The seasonal reversal of wind direction over the Indian subcontinent is the result of the Coriolis force. It is an apparent force caused by the Earth's rotation.The Coriolois force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. (ii)  The rainfall received by India is largely due to the south-west monsoon winds. The duration of the mon soon is between 100 to 120 days. Hence, the bulk of rainfall received by the country is  concentrated over a few months. (iii)  During the winter season, north-east trade winds prevail over India. They blow from land to sea and hence, for most part of the country, it is a dry season.However, the Tamil Nadu Coast receives winter rainfall due to these winds. This is because in this region these winds blow from sea to land, thereby carrying moisture along with them. (iv)  The delta region of the eastern coast of India is frequently struck by cyclones. This is because the cyclonic depressions that originate over the Andaman Sea are brought in by the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blowing over peninsular India during the monsoon as well as during the October to November period. v)  Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone because of the scanty rainfall received by these regions during the monsoon rains. The progressive decrease in the humidity of the winds of the Bay of Bengal branch causes the amount of rainfall to decrease from east to west in northern India. As the leeward side is the rain-shadow area, the regions lying in this region receive very little rain from the Arabian Sea branch. It is the windward side of the Ghats that receives the maximum rain. Climate (Social Science)| Close X   |Exercise  Ã‚  Ã‚ «Prev  Page 40  Next »| | Q5  Q6  Q7  Q8| Question 8: Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India. * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- Share Characteristics of monsoon rainfall in India: (i ) The duration of the monsoon is between 100 to 120 days from early June to mid-September. (ii) Around the time of its arrival, the normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues for several days.This is known as the ‘burst’ of the monsoon. (iii) The monsoon has characteristic wet and dry spells or ‘breaks’ in rainfall. The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time. They are interspersed with rainless intervals. (iv) The moisture is carried by pulsating south westerlies that are affected by different atmospheric conditions, thereby giving monsoon rains an uncertain character. The annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year (v) The rainfall is unevenly distributed across the Indian landscape.Parts of the western coast and north-eastern India receive the maximum rainfall. Regions such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Leh and the leeward side of the Western Ghats receive very little rainfall. Effects of monsoon rainfall in India: (a) Ind ian agriculture is largely dependent upon the water from the monsoon rains. Late, low or excessive rains have a negative impact upon crops. (b) Due to the uneven distribution of rainfall across the country, there are some regions that are drought prone and some that are flood afflicted. c) The monsoon provides India with a distinct climatic pattern. Hence, in spite of the presence of great regional variations, it has a unifying influence upon the country and its people. Question 3: (i) Name two rainiest stations. (ii) Name two driest stations. (iii) Two stations with most equable climate. (iv) Two stations with most extreme climate. (v) Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons. (vi) Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons. vii) Two stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons (viii) Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons. (ix) Two stations receiving winter showers from t he western disturbances. (x) The two hottest stations in the months of (a) February (b) April (c) May (d) June * ————————————————- Answer * ————————————————- Discussion * ————————————————- Share (i)  Two rainiest stations: Shillong and Mumbai (ii)  Two driest stations: Leh and Jodhpur iii)  Two stations with most equable climate: Bangalore and Tiruvanantapuram (iv)  Two stations with most extreme climate: Leh and Jodhpur (v)  Two stations most influenced by the Arabian branch of southwest monsoons: Tiruvanatapuram and Mumbai (vi)  Two stations most influenced by the Bay of Bengal branch of south-west monsoons: Shillong and Kolkata (vii)  T wo stations influenced by both branches of the south-west monsoons: Delhi and Kolkata (viii)  Two stations influenced by retreating and north-east monsoons: Chennai and Bangalore (ix)  Two stations receiving winter showers from the western disturbances: Jodhpur and Delhi (x)  The two hottest stations  ? (a)  In the month February: Tiruvanatapuram and Chennai (b)  In the month April: Nagpur and Kolkata (c)  In the month of May: Nagpur and Jodhpur (d)  In the month of June: Jodhpur and Delhi

Down the River Essay

Edward Abbey’s essay Down the River reveals his strong belief that the existence of life revolves around nature itself. Abbey conveys these views through syntax, imagery, and his choice of structure. Abbey’s varying detail and syntax in the first half of the passage conveys an amazement toward nature. He states while gazing at the lion that there was a â€Å"mutual curiosity: [he] felt more wonder than fear†. His unexpected reaction to the mountain lion when they shared â€Å"mutual curiosity† implies that man is not alone in this journey towards knowledge, and there is a deep connection between man and nature. He varies the syntax from short to complex sentences with distinct differences in clauses. He states that later on they â€Å"see no mountain lions,† and the following sentence in a series presents all of the other wildlife that has been observed in great detail instead of the lion. He describes these plants and animals with enthusiasm and also calls Aravaipa â€Å"full of life† and extremely â€Å"beautiful†. The impression is that even though the lion that drew the explorer in is nowhere to be seen, there is still a vast amount of beauty in the desert. The structure is meant to contrast the two types of nature, urban nature and nature in Aravaipa. We see an immediate switch in tone when Abby says, â€Å"We stumble homeward over the stones, and through the anklebone-chilling water. † Abbey displays a hint of bitterness towards his home that is so bad even the journey to get there is torturous. He discusses the stars and how they seem to fade when he leaving the desert, as if the world he is used to has no stars, no beauty, no life. Abby then states that the memories of the beautiful desert are enough to keep him satisfied for days to survive the â€Å"urban life†. Nature is so rich in details and relationships and so wonderful and mysterious that it is impossible to completely understand it. This incomprehensibility can provide an unlimited source of learning that will eventually redeem us from a lifeless urban existence.